1702914130
1702914131
[99]DJB,2.11.1.4.
1702914132
1702914133
[100] 例如,参见DJB,2.15.8 and 2.2.24。关于荷兰东印度公司的代理人以荷兰议会的名义与东印度国家之间缔结的商业条约的资料,参见1606年5月17日,科内利斯·迈特利夫·德·扬(Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge)海军上将与柔佛国王之间签订的条约,收录于Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),158-59,而前述相同缔约方于1606年9月23日签订的另一个条约,引用并吸纳了5月签署的协定,Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),160;1607年1月17日,副海军上将奥利威尔·德·维福瑞(Vice-Admiral Olivier de Vivere)与亚齐沙阿阿里·里亚特(Ali Ri’ayat Shah of Aceh)签署的条约,Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),397-99;1607年5月26日,迈特利夫海军上将与德那第苏丹莫达法尔(Sultan Modafar of Ternate and his Council)签署的条约,Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),421-24;1609年10月1日,塞缪尔·布洛迈特(Samuel Bloemaert)与桑马的塞巴人·汤加人·潘格兰人阿迪帕蒂(Sebau Tangan Pangeran Adipati of Sambas)之间签署的条约,Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),446-48;Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,267-70。关于格劳秀斯如何利用这些条约为荷兰东印度公司争取利益的讨论,参见Peter Borschberg,Journal,Memorials and Letter of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge:Security,Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia,ed. Peter Borschberg (Singapore:NUS Press,2015),359-483。
1702914134
1702914135
[101] 引自G. N. Clark and Jonkheer W. J. M. Van Eysinga,eds.,Bibliotheca Visseriana:Dissertationum Ius Internationale Illustrantium,Vol. 17 (Leiden:Brill,1951),73。
1702914136
1702914137
[102]DJB,2.1.2.1.
1702914138
1702914139
[103]DJB,3.9.4.2.
1702914140
1702914141
[104]DJB,3.6.2.1.
1702914142
1702914143
[105]DJB,3.9.4.3.
1702914144
1702914145
[106] 罗马法暗含着对强权即公理的接受,因为它赋予不经分辨正义战争与否即可拥有捕获的权利。见Digest 41.1.5.7:Item quae ex hostibus capiuntur,jure gentium statim capientium fiunt(“同样地,根据万国法,任何从敌人那里缴获的东西立即变成缴获之人的财产”);Digest 49.15.5 and 49.15.19,Institutes of Justinian,1.12.5。
1702914146
1702914147
[107] Raphael Fulgosius,In primum Pandectarum partem Commentaria,ad Dig.,1,1,5 (Lyon,1554),trans. Robert Andrews and Peter Haggenmacher,in Gregory Reichber,The Ethics of War,228-29. 参见Haggenmacher,Grotius et la doctrine de la Guerre Juste,203-6,284-86。
1702914148
1702914149
[108] 参见Balthazar Ayala,De Jure et Officiis Bellicis et Disciplina Militari Libri Ⅲ,ed. John Westlake,trans. John Pawley Bate,2 vols (Washington,DC:Carnegie Institution of U.S.A,1912),1.2.34。
1702914150
1702914151
[109] Victor Hugo,Les Miserables,Vol. 2,Bk. 1,Ch. 19.
1702914152
1702914153
[110] 见《牛津英语大辞典》(Oxford English Dictionary),“Robe(长袍)”词条[“‘抢劫’这个词的日耳曼语基础,动词,本意是‘战利品’,(因此)衣物也被视为战利品”]。
1702914154
1702914155
[111] John Lynn,“How War Fed War:The Tax of Violence and Contributions During the Grand Siecle,” Journal of Modern History 65,no. 2 (June 1993):286,290.(“权力的滥用并不是简单地破坏了这个体系;这个体系的特征就是滥用权力。”)。关于战利品的相关法律,参见Fritz Redlich,De Praeda Militari:Looting and Booty,1500-1815 (Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1956)。
1702914156
1702914157
[112]DJP,179-80. 格劳秀斯赞成“极其博学的法学家福尔戈修斯”的观点,因为他没有从字面上理解自己的思想,但他不赞同“西班牙人阿亚拉”,因为他仅从字面上理解自己的意思,尽管阿亚拉在其著作中明确指出他只是赞同福尔戈修斯的观点。
1702914158
1702914159
[113]DJP,180.
1702914160
1702914161
[114] 格劳秀斯的“诚信”例外论并没有解决清洁物权的问题,因为商人们总会怀疑战争中捕获的财产不是来自善意捕获。
1702914162
1702914163
[115]DJB,3.4.4.
1702914164
1702914165
[116]DJB,1.3.4.
1702914166
1702914167
[117] Nellen,Hugo Grotius,730-34.
1702914168
1702914169
[118] Samuel Pufendorf,De jure naturae et gentium libri octo,8.6.17 (1688).
1702914170
1702914171
[119] Emer de Vattel,The Law of Nations;or,Principles of the Law of Nature,Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns,trans. Joseph Chitty (Philadelphia:T & J. W. Johnson & Co.,Law Booksellers,1867 [1758]),4.4.47.
1702914172
1702914173
[120] Richard Tuck,“Introduction” in De Jure Belli ac Pacis (Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,2005),xi.
1702914174
1702914175
[121] James Madison,“Examination of the British Doctrine,Which Subjects to Capture a Neutral Trade Not Open in Time of Peace,” in Letters and Other Writings of James Madison,Vol. 2,1794-1815,(Philadelphia:J. B. Lippincott,1865),230,234.
1702914176
1702914177
[122] 约翰·亚当斯1801年1月2日在华盛顿特区写给托马斯·博伊尔斯顿(Thomas Boylston)的信,《亚当斯文集》,卷4000,理查德·塞缪尔森(Richard Samuelson)收录并引用于“The Midnight Appointments”,The White House Historical Association,www. whitehousehistory.orge/08/subs/08 b07.html;Charles M. Witlse,“Thomas Jefferson on the Law of Nations,” American Journal of International Law 29,no. 1 (January1935):66-81。
1702914178
1702914179
[123] 一些学者对这一称呼的归属持不同意见。参见,例如,托马斯·霍兰德(Thomas Holland)的批判,Studies in International Law (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1898),1-39;James Brown Scott,The Spanish Origin of International Law:Francisco de Vitoria and His Law of Nations (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1934);and Fruin,De Jure Praedae Commentarius:An Unpublished Work of Hugo Grotius’s,60-61。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70291413e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]