打字猴:1.702914146e+09
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1702914147 [107] Raphael Fulgosius,In primum Pandectarum partem Commentaria,ad Dig.,1,1,5 (Lyon,1554),trans. Robert Andrews and Peter Haggenmacher,in Gregory Reichber,The Ethics of War,228-29. 参见Haggenmacher,Grotius et la doctrine de la Guerre Juste,203-6,284-86。
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1702914149 [108] 参见Balthazar Ayala,De Jure et Officiis Bellicis et Disciplina Militari Libri Ⅲ,ed. John Westlake,trans. John Pawley Bate,2 vols (Washington,DC:Carnegie Institution of U.S.A,1912),1.2.34。
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1702914151 [109] Victor Hugo,Les Miserables,Vol. 2,Bk. 1,Ch. 19.
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1702914153 [110] 见《牛津英语大辞典》(Oxford English Dictionary),“Robe(长袍)”词条[“‘抢劫’这个词的日耳曼语基础,动词,本意是‘战利品’,(因此)衣物也被视为战利品”]。
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1702914155 [111] John Lynn,“How War Fed War:The Tax of Violence and Contributions During the Grand Siecle,” Journal of Modern History 65,no. 2 (June 1993):286,290.(“权力的滥用并不是简单地破坏了这个体系;这个体系的特征就是滥用权力。”)。关于战利品的相关法律,参见Fritz Redlich,De Praeda Militari:Looting and Booty,1500-1815 (Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1956)。
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1702914157 [112]DJP,179-80. 格劳秀斯赞成“极其博学的法学家福尔戈修斯”的观点,因为他没有从字面上理解自己的思想,但他不赞同“西班牙人阿亚拉”,因为他仅从字面上理解自己的意思,尽管阿亚拉在其著作中明确指出他只是赞同福尔戈修斯的观点。
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1702914159 [113]DJP,180.
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1702914161 [114] 格劳秀斯的“诚信”例外论并没有解决清洁物权的问题,因为商人们总会怀疑战争中捕获的财产不是来自善意捕获。
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1702914163 [115]DJB,3.4.4.
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1702914165 [116]DJB,1.3.4.
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1702914167 [117] Nellen,Hugo Grotius,730-34.
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1702914169 [118] Samuel Pufendorf,De jure naturae et gentium libri octo,8.6.17 (1688).
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1702914171 [119] Emer de Vattel,The Law of Nations;or,Principles of the Law of Nature,Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns,trans. Joseph Chitty (Philadelphia:T & J. W. Johnson & Co.,Law Booksellers,1867 [1758]),4.4.47.
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1702914173 [120] Richard Tuck,“Introduction” in De Jure Belli ac Pacis (Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,2005),xi.
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1702914175 [121] James Madison,“Examination of the British Doctrine,Which Subjects to Capture a Neutral Trade Not Open in Time of Peace,” in Letters and Other Writings of James Madison,Vol. 2,1794-1815,(Philadelphia:J. B. Lippincott,1865),230,234.
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1702914177 [122] 约翰·亚当斯1801年1月2日在华盛顿特区写给托马斯·博伊尔斯顿(Thomas Boylston)的信,《亚当斯文集》,卷4000,理查德·塞缪尔森(Richard Samuelson)收录并引用于“The Midnight Appointments”,The White House Historical Association,www. whitehousehistory.orge/08/subs/08 b07.html;Charles M. Witlse,“Thomas Jefferson on the Law of Nations,” American Journal of International Law 29,no. 1 (January1935):66-81。
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1702914179 [123] 一些学者对这一称呼的归属持不同意见。参见,例如,托马斯·霍兰德(Thomas Holland)的批判,Studies in International Law (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1898),1-39;James Brown Scott,The Spanish Origin of International Law:Francisco de Vitoria and His Law of Nations (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1934);and Fruin,De Jure Praedae Commentarius:An Unpublished Work of Hugo Grotius’s,60-61。
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1702914181 [124] Daniel Patrick Moynihan,On the Law of Nations (Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1990),7.
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1702914183 [125] 对格劳秀斯的学术影响和学术先驱地位进行了经典讨论的是哈根马赫尔。参见Haggenmacher,Grotius et la doctrine de la Guerre Juste。也可参见Benedict Kingbury,Hedley Bull,and Adam Roberts,eds.,Hugo Grotius and International Relations (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1990);and Hans Blom,ed.,Property,Piracy and Punishment:Hugo Grotius on War and Booty in De iure Praedae (Leiden:Brill,2009)。
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1702914185 [126]DJP,136-37;DJB,1.2.1.4-5 and 1.2.2.1.
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1702914187 [127]DJP,Prolegomena sec. 15;DJB,1.3.8.2. 通过捍卫私战权利,格劳秀斯重申了一项授予贵族——而不仅仅是君主——诉诸武力的权利的古老法律传统。相比这个传统,格劳秀斯确认每一个人都拥有保护自己及其财产的权利,而不仅仅是贵族拥有这样的权利。
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1702914189 [128] 参见,例如Arthur O. Lovejoy,The Great Chain of Being:A Study of the History of an Idea (Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1936)。可以对比拉里·赛登特鲁普(Larry Seidentrop)的近作:Inventing the Individual:The Origins of Western Liberalism (Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2014),他将个人主义起源的时间提前至基督教的兴起。
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1702914191 [129]DJB,Prolegomena sec. 16.
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