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[62] Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi，“In Name Only：Imperial Sovereignty in Early Modern Japan，” Journal of Japanese Studies 17，no. 1 （1991）：27-28. 当其与外国领导人谈判时，幕府将军使用“日本大君”这一外交头衔。
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[63] James Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3：The Tokugawa Epoch，1652-1868 （London：Kegan Paul，Trench，Trubner & Co.，1926），569-662；Donald Keene，Emperor of Japan：Meiji and His World，1852-1912 （New York：Columbia University Press，2002）.
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[64] Harris，The Complete Journal of Townsend Harris，558. 默多克（Murdoch）也提到了他的病情。参见Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，652。
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[65] Harris，The Complete Journal of Townsend Harris，558. 默多克（Murdoch）也提到了他的病情。参见Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，652。
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[66] Lamberti，“Tokugawa Nariaki and the Japanese Imperial Institution：1853-1858，” 119-20. 哈里斯自己的日志缺失关于这一阶段的描述。参见Harris，The Complete Journal of Townsend Harris，559。
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[67] Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，652.
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[68] Letter from Townsend Harris to His Excellency Hotta Prince of Bitsu，July 24，1858，reprinted in Miller，ed.，Treaties and Other International Acts，Vol. 7，1064. 也可参见Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，655-56。第二天，美国驻印度、中国和日本海军总司令抵达并证实了英国人正在前来的消息。参见Miller，ed.，Treaties and Other International Acts，Vol. 7，1065。关于从美国视角对上述事件的描述。参见Miller，ed.，Treaties and Other International Acts，Vol. 7，947-1170。
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[69] Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，656.
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[70] Lamberti，“Tokugawa Nariaki and the Japanese Imperial Institution：1853-1858，” 119-20.
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[71] 当时，在最惠国待遇原则之下，各国普遍坚持享有与“最惠”国平等的权利。参见 J. H. Richardson，Economic Disarmament：A Study on International Cooperation （London：Allen & Unwin Brothers Ltd.，1931），81-82。
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[72] Miller，ed.，Treaties and Other International Acts，Vol. 7，1044，1095.
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[73] 默多克对上述事件进行了详细描述。参见Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，697-703。在其中一个人身上发现了一份宣言，这清楚地说明了他们的不满。参见Murdoch，A History of Japan，Vol. 3，702。尽管他们的策略很残忍，但阴谋者的行为反映了许多日本人的观点。参见Otsuka，“Japan’s Early Encounter with the Concept of the ‘Law of Nations，’” 54。兰贝蒂（Lamberti）也描述了这一事件。参见Lamberti，“Tokugawa Nariaki and the Japanese Imperial Institution：1853-1858，” 120。
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[74] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，106，218；Gino K. Piovesana，S.J.，“The Beginnings of Western Philosophy in Japan：Nishi Amane，1829-1897，” International Philosophy Quarterly 2，no. 2 （1962）：295-306.
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[75] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，24-27.
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[76] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，26-29. 罗杰·F.哈克特（Roger F. Hackett）也详细描述了西周早期生活的大部分经历。参见Roger F. Hackett，“Nishi Amane—A Tokugawa-Meiji Bureaucrat，” The Journal of Asian Studies 18，no. 2 （February 1959）：213-25。关于对西周以及这一时期日本人与荷兰人的遭遇情况的讨论，参见Ōkubo Takeharu，The Quest for Civilization：Encounters with Dutch Jurisprudence，Political Economy，and Statistics at the Dawn of Modern Japan，trans. David Noble （Boston：Global Oriental，2014）。
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[77] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，29.
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[78] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，33-39.
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[79] Hackett，“Nishi Amane—A Tokugawa-Meiji Bureaucrat，” 214. 也可参见 Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，36。
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[80] Douglas Howland，Translating the West：Language and Political Reason in Nineteenth Century Japan （Honolulu：University of Hawaii Press，2002），124.
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[81] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，42-43.
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[82] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，42.
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[83] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，47-48.
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[84] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，49.
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[85] Havens，Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought，49-50.
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[86] “Students Studying in the Netherlands at the End of the Edo Period，1865，National Diet Library，” http：//dl.ndl.go.jp/info：ndljp/pid/3851065（西周在前排，最右边）；“Students Studying in the Netherlands at the End of the Edo Period，Japan-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Period，” http：//www.ndl.go.jp/nichiran/e/s2/s2 6.html.
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