1702916711
[23] “Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”376.
1702916712
1702916713
[24] 秘鲁代表团提供了一个可能的答案:如果国联不能登记“作为因违反《非战公约》而爆发的战争的后果而以武力强加的任何和平条约”,并且如果国联“认为它可能包含的任何条款均为无效,并将尽一切努力恢复被武力破坏的现状,那就修改《国际联盟盟约》”。参见“Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,” 364。各国对这一提议均保持沉默,可能是因为正如仅有的几个作出回应的代表之一所言,他的政府“尚没有做好准备考虑这样一种情况:国联在依据《国际联盟盟约》履行其职责时会如此失败,以至于使战争中的胜利者有可能违反《国际联盟盟约》而将一种蛮横的和平强加于被征服者身上”。“Report of the Committee Appointed by the Council,”379.
1702916714
1702916715
[25] Edwin L. James,“Germany Quits League;Hitler Asks ‘Plebiscite,’” New York Times,October 15,1933.
1702916716
1702916717
[26] 凯洛格当时担任国际法院法官,他坚持对日本违反《非战公约》做出回应。他给其继任者亨利·史汀生发电报说:“我认为向两国提出交涉是每一个《非战公约》缔约国的义务,同时也是每一个《四国条约》缔约国的义务。”参见Robert H. Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy,Vol. 6,Frank B. Kellogg;Henry L. Stimson (New York:Cooper Square Publishers,1963),133。他没有具体指出交涉什么,但潜台词很清楚:《非战公约》缔约国有义务以某种方式对这种公开和公然的违反条约的行为做出反应。
1702916718
1702916719
[27] David Schmitz,Henry Stimson:The First Wise Man (Wilmington:Scholarly Resources,2001),8;Godfrey Hodgson,The Colonel:The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson,1867-1950 (New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1990),15.
1702916720
1702916721
[28] Schmitz,Henry Stimson,11.
1702916722
1702916723
[29] Hodgson,The Colonel,13.
1702916724
1702916725
[30] Hodgson,The Colonel,17.
1702916726
1702916727
[31] Hodgson,The Colonel,16.
1702916728
1702916729
[32] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,161-63.
1702916730
1702916731
[33] Richard N. Current,Secretary Stimson:A Study in Statecraft (New Brunswick,NJ:Rutgers University Press,1954),46-47.
1702916732
1702916733
[34] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,162-63.
1702916734
1702916735
[35] President Herbert Hoover,Remarks Upon Proclaiming the Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact)(July 24,1929).
1702916736
1702916737
[36] HLS,diary entry,September 23,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL.
1702916738
1702916739
[37] Richard N. Current,“The Stimson Doctrine and the Hoover Doctrine,” The American Historical Review 59,no. 3 (April 1954):516;Documents on the Tokyo International Military Tribunal:Charter,Indictment and Judgments,ed. Robert Cryer and Neil Boister (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008),1:330.
1702916740
1702916741
[38] HLS,diary entry,October 8,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL;Henry L. Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis:Recollections and Observations (New York:Harper & Brothers,1936),60.
1702916742
1702916743
[39] Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis,60.
1702916744
1702916745
[40] HLS,diary entry,October 9,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL.
1702916746
1702916747
[41] 赫斯特报团是美国著名报团,由威廉·赫斯特创立。到1935年,赫斯特报团拥有28份主要日报、18份杂志、数家电台和电影公司以及其他新闻服务机构,在美国公共生活中拥有巨大影响。今天在全球150多个国家和地区拥有350多个分支机构。——译者注
1702916748
1702916749
[42] Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,” 520.
1702916750
1702916751
[43] Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis,60. See also Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,”516-21.
1702916752
1702916753
[44] HLS,diary entry,November 19,1931,reel 4,HSP YUL. 参见Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,” 520-21;Ray Lyman Wilbur and Arthur Mastocl Hyde,The Hoover Policies (New York:Charles Scribner’s Sons,1937),599-603。
1702916754
1702916755
[45] 11月27日,史汀生要求胡佛“重新考虑……某些支持禁运因素”。史汀生担心,“如果日本真的逃脱了惩罚,如果使用武力就能教会日本和世界其他国家,世界其他国家建设和平的高贵努力可以被日本此时蔑视它们的方式蔑视的话,这将是更高贵动机和更高贵政策的一个巨大的损失”。但胡佛不妥协。原因正如史汀生在日记中所说,“这位可怜的老总统处境很糟。正如他所说的,他一直在发表反对武力制裁的演说,他不能推翻自己的观点”。参见HLS,diary entry,November 27,1931,reel 4,HSP YUL。
1702916756
1702916757
[46] SOL to HLS,April 5,1929,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
1702916758
1702916759
[47] HLS to SOL,telegram,July 17,1929,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
1702916760
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.702916711e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]