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[30] Hodgson,The Colonel,17.
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[31] Hodgson,The Colonel,16.
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[32] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,161-63.
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1702916731
[33] Richard N. Current,Secretary Stimson:A Study in Statecraft (New Brunswick,NJ:Rutgers University Press,1954),46-47.
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[34] Ferrell,The American Secretaries of State,162-63.
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[35] President Herbert Hoover,Remarks Upon Proclaiming the Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact)(July 24,1929).
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[36] HLS,diary entry,September 23,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL.
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[37] Richard N. Current,“The Stimson Doctrine and the Hoover Doctrine,” The American Historical Review 59,no. 3 (April 1954):516;Documents on the Tokyo International Military Tribunal:Charter,Indictment and Judgments,ed. Robert Cryer and Neil Boister (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008),1:330.
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[38] HLS,diary entry,October 8,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL;Henry L. Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis:Recollections and Observations (New York:Harper & Brothers,1936),60.
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[39] Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis,60.
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[40] HLS,diary entry,October 9,1931,reel 3,HSP YUL.
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[41] 赫斯特报团是美国著名报团,由威廉·赫斯特创立。到1935年,赫斯特报团拥有28份主要日报、18份杂志、数家电台和电影公司以及其他新闻服务机构,在美国公共生活中拥有巨大影响。今天在全球150多个国家和地区拥有350多个分支机构。——译者注
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[42] Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,” 520.
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[43] Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis,60. See also Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,”516-21.
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[44] HLS,diary entry,November 19,1931,reel 4,HSP YUL. 参见Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,” 520-21;Ray Lyman Wilbur and Arthur Mastocl Hyde,The Hoover Policies (New York:Charles Scribner’s Sons,1937),599-603。
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[45] 11月27日,史汀生要求胡佛“重新考虑……某些支持禁运因素”。史汀生担心,“如果日本真的逃脱了惩罚,如果使用武力就能教会日本和世界其他国家,世界其他国家建设和平的高贵努力可以被日本此时蔑视它们的方式蔑视的话,这将是更高贵动机和更高贵政策的一个巨大的损失”。但胡佛不妥协。原因正如史汀生在日记中所说,“这位可怜的老总统处境很糟。正如他所说的,他一直在发表反对武力制裁的演说,他不能推翻自己的观点”。参见HLS,diary entry,November 27,1931,reel 4,HSP YUL。
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[46] SOL to HLS,April 5,1929,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
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[47] HLS to SOL,telegram,July 17,1929,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
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[48] Correspondence between SOL and HLS from April 5,1929 to September 5,1930,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
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[49] HLS to SOL,January 2,1930,box 45,folder 8,SLP UCL.
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[50] Salmon O. Levinson,“The Sanctions of Peace,” The Christian Century,December 25,1929,1603.
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[51] Salmon O. Levinson,“The Sanctions of Peace,” The Christian Century,December 25,1929,1604. 也可参见David Turns,“The Stimson Doctrine of Non-Recognition:Its Historical Genesis and Influence on Contemporary International Law,” Chinese Journal of International Law 2,no. 1 (2003):116。当史汀生第一次和他的顾问讨论不承认问题时,其中一人以“布莱恩(Bryan)国务卿在1915年尝试过,但没有结果”为由而反对。参见Current,“The Stimson Doctrine,” 522。也可参见Roy Watson Curry,Woodrow Wilson and Far Eastern Policy,1913-1921 (New York:Bookman Associates,1957),128;Hersch Lauterpacht,Edwin M. Borchard,and Phoebe Morrison,“The Problem of Non-Recognition,” in Legal Problems in the Far Eastern Conflict (New York:Institute of Pacific Relations,1941),134-36。19世纪晚期和20世纪早期,英国政府也拒绝承认很多领土脱离奥斯曼帝国主权范围:1886年,保加利亚独立;1908年,奥匈帝国吞并波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那;意大利在1911年吞并利比亚。参见Thomas Barclay,The Turco-Italian War and Its Problems (London:Constable & Company,1912),41-42;Lauterpacht,Borchard,and Morrison,“The Problem of Non-Recognition,” 134-35。
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[52] SOL to James G. McDonald,April 7,1928,quoted in John E. Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris (Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1943),193.
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[53] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,192.
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[54] Stimson,The Far Eastern Crisis,96-97. 也可参见 Turns,“The Stimson Doctrine of Non-Recognition,” 117-18;Robert H. Ferrell,American Diplomacy in the Great Depression:Hoover-Stimson Foreign Policy,1929-1933 (New Haven:Yale University Press,1957),157。
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