1702916824
1702916825
[80] League of Nations,The League from Year to Year(1935)(Geneva:League of Nations Information Section,1936),80-81.
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[81] Hugh R. Wilson,Diplomat Between Wars (New York:Longmans,Green and Co.,1941),331. See also Cristiano Andrea Ristuccia,“1935 Sanctions Against Italy:Would Coal and Crude Oil Have Made a Difference?,” European Review of Economic History 4,no. 1 (2000):85-100.
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[82] Cordell Hull,The Memoirs of Cordell Hull,Vol. 1 (New York:Macmillan,1948),418-19.
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1702916831
[83] Statement by the Secretary of State,September 12,1935,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,276.
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1702916833
[84] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1,428-43.
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[85] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1,428-31. 更多关于美国金融政策在其中发挥的作用的讨论,参见Gian Giacomo Migone,The United States and Fascist Italy:The Rise of American Finance in Europe,trans. Molly Tambor (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 2015),287-388。
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[86] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),Ninety-Second Session of the Council,” LNOJ,Vol. 17,No. 6 (June 1936),540.
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1702916839
[87] “Situation in Ethiopia,” LNOJ,Vol. 17,No. 12 (December 1936):1409-10. 也可参见“Situation in Ethiopia,” LNOJ,Vol. 18,Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):658-59。
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1702916841
[88] “Situation in China,” LNOJ,Vol. 18,Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):653-57. 也可参见Rana Mitter,Forgotten Ally:China’s World War II,1937-1945 (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,2013),80。
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1702916843
[89] Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):654.
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1702916845
[90] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 11 (November 1938):878-80.
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1702916847
[91] Joseph Cummins,The World’s Bloodiest History:Massacre,Genocide,and the Scars they Left on Civilization (Beverly,MA:Fair Winds Press,2010),149-50. 当时,日本签署并批准了《改善战地武装部队伤者病者境遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field)(日本1929年7月27日签署,1934年12月18日批准);签署但未批准《关于战俘待遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War)(日本于1929年7月27日签署,但从未批准)。
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[92] 1947年国民政府国防部在《谷寿夫战犯案件判决书》中判定南京大屠杀死亡人数为30万以上;新中国成立后,经过系统且规模巨大的调查研究,向世界宣告中国确认南京大屠杀遇难人数在30万人以上。——译者注。
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1702916851
[93] Iris Chang,The Rape of Nanking (New York:Basic Books,1997);International Military Tribunal for the Far East,The Tokyo Judgment (Amsterdam:University Press Amsterdam,1977),390.
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1702916853
[94] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):82.
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1702916855
[95] Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):84.
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1702916857
[96] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:544-49;Dorothy Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” Political Science Quarterly 72,no. 3 (September 1957):413.
1702916858
1702916859
[97] Sumner Welles,The Time for Decision (New York:Harper & Brothers,1944),61.
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1702916861
[98] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago,October 5,1937,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,383-87.
1702916862
1702916863
[99] Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” 426-28.
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[100] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:545.
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1702916867
[101] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:683-84.
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[102] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:684. 罗斯福总统对美国人民的看法更为谨慎。他断言,“相比按照现行法律行事,通过废除禁运,美国更有可能保持和平。我这么说,是因为随着禁运被废除,本届政府将明确且肯定地坚持要求美国公民和美国船只远离实际冲突地区的直接危险”。参见“Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,” September 21,1939,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War:United States Foreign Policy,1931-1941,485-87。
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[103] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),200.
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1702916873
[104] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),201-2.
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