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1702916841
[88] “Situation in China,” LNOJ,Vol. 18,Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):653-57. 也可参见Rana Mitter,Forgotten Ally:China’s World War II,1937-1945 (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,2013),80。
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1702916843
[89] Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):654.
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1702916845
[90] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 11 (November 1938):878-80.
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1702916847
[91] Joseph Cummins,The World’s Bloodiest History:Massacre,Genocide,and the Scars they Left on Civilization (Beverly,MA:Fair Winds Press,2010),149-50. 当时,日本签署并批准了《改善战地武装部队伤者病者境遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field)(日本1929年7月27日签署,1934年12月18日批准);签署但未批准《关于战俘待遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War)(日本于1929年7月27日签署,但从未批准)。
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[92] 1947年国民政府国防部在《谷寿夫战犯案件判决书》中判定南京大屠杀死亡人数为30万以上;新中国成立后,经过系统且规模巨大的调查研究,向世界宣告中国确认南京大屠杀遇难人数在30万人以上。——译者注。
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1702916851
[93] Iris Chang,The Rape of Nanking (New York:Basic Books,1997);International Military Tribunal for the Far East,The Tokyo Judgment (Amsterdam:University Press Amsterdam,1977),390.
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1702916853
[94] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):82.
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1702916855
[95] Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):84.
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1702916857
[96] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:544-49;Dorothy Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” Political Science Quarterly 72,no. 3 (September 1957):413.
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1702916859
[97] Sumner Welles,The Time for Decision (New York:Harper & Brothers,1944),61.
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1702916861
[98] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago,October 5,1937,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,383-87.
1702916862
1702916863
[99] Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” 426-28.
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1702916865
[100] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:545.
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1702916867
[101] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:683-84.
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1702916869
[102] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:684. 罗斯福总统对美国人民的看法更为谨慎。他断言,“相比按照现行法律行事,通过废除禁运,美国更有可能保持和平。我这么说,是因为随着禁运被废除,本届政府将明确且肯定地坚持要求美国公民和美国船只远离实际冲突地区的直接危险”。参见“Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,” September 21,1939,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War:United States Foreign Policy,1931-1941,485-87。
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1702916871
[103] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),200.
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1702916873
[104] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),201-2.
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1702916875
[105] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,September 21,1939;“Neutrality Act of 1939,” American Journal of International Law 34,no. 1,Supplement:Official Documents (January 1940):44.
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[106] 此处原文是“seller”(卖方),但是根据1939年美国中立法修正案,美国取消了禁运条款,实行现金购买、运输自理原则。因此,此处应为“buyer”(买方)。——译者注
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1702916879
[107] Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,209-14;Woodring to Roosevelt,June 20,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers,Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library,Hyde Park,NY. 也可参见“An American National Policy That Is Unqualifiedly Pro-American (September 14,1937)”(未签署,但来自伍德林),box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers(警告说,“导致美国卷入世界大战的影响再次发挥作用”)。
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1702916881
[108] Keith E. Eiler,Mobilizing America:Robert P. Patterson and the War Effort,1940-1945 (Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1997),37. 这一想法并非完全是临时起意。克拉克和弗兰克福特(Frankfurter)早些时候曾向总统提出任命史汀生的建议。Keith E. Eiler,Mobilizing America:Robert P. Patterson and the War Effort,1940-1945 (Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1997)34-36.
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1702916883
[109] Franklin D. Roosevelt to Harry H. Woodring,June 19,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers.
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1702916885
[110] Woodring to Roosevelt,June 20,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers.
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1702916887
[111] Stimson came into office on July 10,1940,and served until September 21,1945.
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1702916889
[112] “Senate Hearing Ordered on Stimson’s Nomination,” New York Times,June 22,1940.
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