打字猴:1.70291719e+09
1702917190
1702917191 [63] “Provisional Outline of International Organization (prepared by J.T.S.,August 31,1942)” (Document 99),August 31,1942,box 189,folder 8,SWP FDRL.
1702917192
1702917193 [64] 就我们所知,此前没有人把肖特维尔与《联合国宪章》初稿联系起来。这份草案没有完整的签名,但签上了姓名首字母“J.T.S.”。我们相信,它们代表了詹姆斯·托马斯·肖特维尔。肖特维尔是小组委员会中唯一姓名中有这些首字母的人。此外,该草案的思想体现了三个星期前写给威尔斯的一份备忘录中的观点,这份备忘录签署了同样的姓名首字母,而随同备忘录一同交给威尔斯的则是一封肖特维尔写的附函。Letter from James T. Shotwell to Sumner Welles,July 30,1942,box 192,folder 8 SWP FDRL;“Preliminary Memorandum on International Organization,” July 28,1942,box 192,folder 8 SWP FDRL.
1702917194
1702917195 [65] “Provisional Outline of International Organization (prepared by J.T.S.,August 31,1942)” (Document 99),August 31,1942,box 189,folder 8,SWP FDRL.,5.
1702917196
1702917197 [66] “Provisional Outline of International Organization (prepared by J.T.S.,August 31,1942)” (Document 99),August 31,1942,box 189,folder 8,SWP FDRL.,6.
1702917198
1702917199 [67] “Provisional Outline of International Organization (prepared by J.T.S.,August 31,1942)” (Document 99),August 31,1942,box 189,folder 8,SWP FDRL.,7.大约在同一时间提交给委员会的另一份文件也提出了同样的观点,该文件很可能也是由肖特维尔撰写的,标题是《白里安-凯洛格公约》。在复述了两项执行条款之后,这份备忘录指出《白里安-凯洛格公约》具有两个重要的优点:一,它超越了《国际联盟盟约》,规定“全面禁止诉诸战争”;二,“它实现了比《国际联盟盟约》更大程度的普遍性”。备忘录承认,“另一方面,与《国际联盟盟约》不同,《白里安-凯洛格公约》没有规定任何永久性组织、程序和制裁”。参见“The Briand-Kellogg Pact,” August 26,1942,box 189,folder 6,Document 21,SWP FDRL。
1702917200
1702917201 [68] “Minutes of October 30,1942,” box 189,folder 4,SWP FDRL.
1702917202
1702917203 [69] “Preliminary Views on the Nature of Post-War International Organization,Minutes of August 7,1942,” box 189,folder 4,SWP FDRL.
1702917204
1702917205 [70] 此外,《联合国宪章》最后草案还将向“所有其他爱好和平的国家开放成员国资格,这些国家接受本宪章所规定的义务,并根据本组织的判断,有能力且愿意履行这些义务”。参见 United Nations,Charter of the United Nations,October 23,1945。
1702917206
1702917207 [71] “Minutes of December 11,1942,” box 189,folder 4,SWP FDRL.
1702917208
1702917209 [72] 尽管它不再重复《白里安-凯洛格公约》,但它仍然认为“威胁或侵略行为”是被禁止的。1943年产生的草案主要用于描述本组织的架构,以确保原有的禁令得到执行。参见“Draft Constitution of International Organization,” March 26,1943,revised April 12,1943,box 189,folder 1,SWP FDRL。
1702917210
1702917211 [73] 代表团于1940年9月16日出发,据称该事件发生在9月17日。这场政治博弈酝酿了三年多时间。参见 Welles,Sumner Welles,2。
1702917212
1702917213 [74] Welles,Sumner Welles,271-73.
1702917214
1702917215 [75] Welles,Sumner Welles,1-3,27,272-79,341-49.
1702917216
1702917217 [76] Hilderbrand,Dumbarton Oaks,30.
1702917218
1702917219 [77] Hilderbrand,Dumbarton Oaks,30.
1702917220
1702917221 [78] “Plan for the Establishment of an International Organization for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security,” December 23,1943,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),615.
1702917222
1702917223 [79] “Plan for the Establishment of an International Organization for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security,” December 23,1943,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),614 n. 2.
1702917224
1702917225 [80] “Plan for the Establishment of an International Organization for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security,” December 23,1943,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),714 n. 94.
1702917226
1702917227 [81] Memo,Stettinius to the Secretary of State,August 29,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),747. 这一措辞被保留在最后商定的草案中。参见 U.S. Department of State,Dumbarton Oaks Documents on International Organization,publication 2223,1945。美国的影响是显而易见的。“第4款源于美国提案的第1节第3款,是一个得到英国和苏联代表团大力支持的想法。”参见“Continuing Preparations for a Conference of United Nations,” November 20,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1,903。
1702917228
1702917229 [82] Memo,Stettinius to the Secretary of State,August 22,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),716. 这反映了梦之队(Dream Team)早期的内部对话。参见“P-I.O. Minutes,” January 8,1943,box 189,folder 4,SWP FDRL。
1702917230
1702917231 [83] Memo,Stettinius to the Secretary of State,October 2,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),862.
1702917232
1702917233 [84] Memo,Stettinius to President Roosevelt,August 28,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),738(这份文件这样描述葛罗米柯的提议,“所有16个苏维埃加盟共和国都应被纳入创始成员国之列”);“Informal Minutes of Meeting No. 6 of the Joint Steering Committee Held at 11 a.m. August 28,1944 at Dumbarton Oaks,” Memo,Stettinius to President Roosevelt,August 28,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),743;“Memo by Stettinius,” Memo,Stettinius to President Roosevelt,August 28,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),751-52(这份文件也描述了后来关于此事的对话)。
1702917234
1702917235 [85] “Informal Meeting Minutes of Meeting No. 6 of the Joint Steering Committee,” August 28,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),743 n. 24.
1702917236
1702917237 [86] Telegram from Stalin to President Roosevelt,September 7,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),782-83.
1702917238
1702917239 [87] “Informal Meeting Minutes of Meeting No. 6 of the Joint Steering Committee,” August 28,1944,FRUS,1944,Vol. 1 (General),741.
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