打字猴:1.70291744e+09
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1702917441 [45] Welles,Seven Decisions That Shaped History,193-94.
1702917442
1702917443 [46] Welles,Seven Decisions That Shaped History,194.
1702917444
1702917445 [47] John Morton Blum,From the Morgenthau Diaries:Years of War,1941-1945 (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1967),416.
1702917446
1702917447 [48] Samuel I. Rosenman,Working with Roosevelt (New York:Harper & Brothers,1952),546.
1702917448
1702917449 [49] 罗斯福的这些话写于4月11日晚,也就是他死于脑出血的前夜。这是他计划于1945年4月14日晚上在温泉城的佐治亚大厅通过全国广播发表的讲话的一部分。
1702917450
1702917451 [50] Grace Tully,F.D.R. My Boss (New York:Charles Scribner’s Sons,1949),364.
1702917452
1702917453 [51] Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley,FDR and the Creation of the U.N. (New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,1997),129.
1702917454
1702917455 [52] “Sumner Welles,” Billboard 57,no. 6 (April 21,1945).
1702917456
1702917457 [53] 会议结束后,杜鲁门总统毫不客气地敦促曾率领美国代表团前往旧金山的斯特蒂纽斯辞去国务卿一职,让詹姆斯·伯恩斯(James Byrnes)接替他的职位。杜鲁门邀请斯特蒂纽斯担任美国驻联合国代表,斯特蒂纽斯接受了这一职位。在那里,他和代表苏联的葛罗米柯将再次坐在桌子两侧。
1702917458
1702917459 [54] “President Truman’s Address to Opening Session of the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco,” April 25,1945.
1702917460
1702917461 [55] Campbell and Herring,eds.,The Diaries of Edward R. Stettinius,Jr.,374-407.
1702917462
1702917463 [56] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” June 5,1949,in Documents of the United Nations International Organization San Francisco,1945,Vol. 6,Commission I General Provisions (New York:United Nations Information Organizations,1945),342.
1702917464
1702917465 [57] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” June 5,1949,in Documents of the United Nations International Organization San Francisco,1945,Vol. 6,Commission I General Provisions (New York:United Nations Information Organizations,1945),346.
1702917466
1702917467 [58] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” June 5,1949,in Documents of the United Nations International Organization San Francisco,1945,Vol. 6,Commission I General Provisions (New York:United Nations Information Organizations,1945),344.
1702917468
1702917469 [59] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” June 5,1949,in Documents of the United Nations International Organization San Francisco,1945,Vol. 6,Commission I General Provisions (New York:United Nations Information Organizations,1945),346.
1702917470
1702917471 [60] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” June 5,1949,in Documents of the United Nations International Organization San Francisco,1945,Vol. 6,Commission I General Provisions (New York:United Nations Information Organizations,1945),344.
1702917472
1702917473 [61] Welles,Seven Decisions That Shaped History,197.
1702917474
1702917475 [62] “Summary Report of Twelfth Meeting of Committee,” UNCIO,346.
1702917476
1702917477 [63] 有一项条款要求联合国所有成员国“根据安理会的要求,并根据一项或多项特别协议,向安理会提供维持国际和平与安全所需的军队、协助和便利,包括过境权”。U.N. Charter,Art. 43. The standing force envisioned in this article never materialized. Even if it had,its capacity to act would have been constrained by the requirement that the Security Council approve any action taken to enforce peace and security. 这条中设想的常备部队从未实现。即使组建了常规部队,它的行动能力也会受到限制,即为执行和平与安全而采取的任何行动都需要安全理事会批准。
1702917478
1702917479 [64] 有关联合国历史背景的更多信息,请参阅,例如Mark Mazower,Governing the World:The History of an Idea (New York:Penguin,2012);Paul Kennedy,The Parliament of Man:The Past,Present,and Future of the United Nations (New York:Random House,2006)。
1702917480
1702917481 [65]Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [Constitution],Art. 26 (1949)(F.R.G.).
1702917482
1702917483 [66]Nihonkoku Kenpo [Constitution],Art. 9 (1946)(Japan).
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1702917485 [67]La Costituzione [Constitution],Art. 11 (1948)(Italy).
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