1702920019
1702920020
[31] Scott C. Bradford,Paul L. E. Greico,and Gary Clyde Hufbauer,“The Payoff to America from Global Integration,” in C. Fred Bergsten,ed.,The United States and the World Economy:Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade (Washington,DC:Institute for International Economics,2005),69;Christian Broda and David E. Weinstein,“Globalization and the Gains from Variety,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 121,no. 2 (2006):541-85.
1702920021
1702920022
[32] 俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京对它的重要性有着深刻认识,他的本科论文就是关于这个主题,参见:“The Most Favored Nation Trading Principle in International Law.” Allen C. Lynch,Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft (Washington,DC:Potomac Books,2011),15。
1702920023
1702920024
[33] 有几个例外。特别是,加入像欧盟或《北美自由贸易协定》等区域性贸易联盟的成员国可以向联盟内的成员国提供更优惠的条件,而无须向世贸组织所有成员提供同样的条件。
1702920025
1702920026
[34] General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,January 1,1948,55 U.N.T.S. 194.
1702920027
1702920028
[35] General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,January 1,1948,Art. 23.
1702920029
1702920030
[36] R. Rajesh Babu,Remedies Under the WTO Legal System (Leiden:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,2012),240.
1702920031
1702920032
[37] “United States—Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products,” World Trade Organization,accessed January 26,2015,https://www.wto.org/english/tratop _e/dispu _e/cases _e/ds248 _e.htm;Warren Vieth,“Steel Tariffs Are Judged Illegal,” Los Angeles Times,November 11,2003;Jonathan Weisman,“Bush Rescinds Tariffs on Steel,” Washington Post,December 5,2003.
1702920033
1702920034
[38] Thomas Hobbes,Behemoth,ed. Ferdinand Tonnies (London:Frank Cass,1969),7.
1702920035
1702920036
[39] “United States—Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services,” World Trade Organization,2016年1月25日访问,http://www.wto.org/english/tratop _e/dispu _e/cases _e/ds285 _e.htm。
1702920037
1702920038
[40] Karen Jacobs Sparks,ed.,Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year 2011 (Chicago:Encyclopedia Britannica,2011),512.
1702920039
1702920040
[41] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,October 12,1984,1465 U.N.T.S. 85.
1702920041
1702920042
[42] 本节中蒂蒂娜·洛伊兹多的故事来源如下:Michel Faure,“L’espoir de Titina” (“Titina’s Hope”),L’Express (Paris),March 22,2004,http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/europe/l-espoir-de-titina _490287.html;Janet McMahon,“European Court of Human Rights Rules in Favor of Woman Seeking to Regain Family Home in Kyrenia,” Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (September 1999),http://www.wrmea.org/1999-september/european-court-of-human-rights-rules-in-favor-of-woman-seeking-to-regain-family-home-in-kyrenia.html. 关于洛伊兹多在欧洲人权法院的陈述,参见“Statement of Applicant Titina Loizidou,” December 14,1990,Hellenic Resources Network,2016年1月28日访问,http://www. hri. org/news/special/loizidou/tstatemnt.html。
1702920043
1702920044
[43] “Cyprus—‘Women Walk Home,’” YouTube video,33:51,posted by “grokked,” March 11,2014,www.youtube.com/watch?v= AbMLVo6cw0M (9:50).
1702920045
1702920046
[44] European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,November 4,1950,213 U.N.T.S. 222.《欧洲人权公约》第46条要求“公约”缔约国遵守法院的决定(“缔约各国承诺在它们作为当事一方的任何案件中服从法院的最后判决”)。在做出最后判决后,法院自动将文件转交给欧洲委员会部长委员会,然后由该委员会负责监督执行判决。
1702920047
1702920048
[45] Statement of Applicant Titina Loizidou,Loisidou v. Turkey,December 14,1990.
1702920049
1702920050
[46]Loizidou v. Turkey,Article 50 (Just Satisfaction) Judgment,1998-IV Eur. Ct. H.R. 1807 (July 1998),¶ 39.
1702920051
1702920052
[47] Interim Resolutions ResDH(2000) 105,July 24,2000,and ResDH(99) 680,October 6,1999,in Council of Europe Committee of Ministers,“Collection of Interim Resolutions,1988-2008,” 237-38,https://www. coe.int/t/dghl/moni toring/execution/Source/Documents/IntRes2008 _en.pdf. 也可参见“Implementation of Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights by Turkey,” Recommendation 1576,September 23,2002,Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly,http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid= 17036&lang= en.欧洲委员会议会大会鼓励采取进一步措施,确保土耳其遵守人权法院判决,特别是关于洛伊兹多的判决。声明强调成员国遵守欧洲委员会法律程序的重要性。
1702920053
1702920054
[48] “Turkey Compensates Greek Cypriot for Property,” Asbarez,December 2,2003,http://asbarez.com/49301/turkey-compensates-greek-cypriot-for-property/.
1702920055
1702920056
[49] Interim Resolution ResDH(2003) 174,November 12 2003,in Council of Europe Committee of Ministers,“Collection of Interim Resolutions,” 235.
1702920057
1702920058
[50] Mario J. Molina and F. S. Rowland,“Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes:Chlorine Atom-Catalysed Destruction of Ozone,” Nature 249 (June 28,1974):810-12.
1702920059
1702920060
[51] Walter Sullivan,“Tests Show Aerosol Gases May Pose Threat to Earth,” New York Times,September 16,1974;“Death to Ozone,” Time,October 7,1974,95.
1702920061
1702920062
[52] “All in the Family,S[eason] 5 E[pisode] 7—Gloria’s Shock,” YouTube video,23:55,取自1974年10月26日播出的那集,由“Tobias Paraone”2013年9月3日发布,参见 www. youtube.com/watch?v= Jncz _um7OOs (12:20)。
1702920063
1702920064
[53] Walter Sullivan,“Low Ozone Level Found Above Antarctica,” New York Times,November 7,1985.
1702920065
1702920066
[54] The Montreal Protocol is a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer,March 22,1985,1513 U.N.T.S. 293.
1702920067
1702920068
[55] Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,September 16,1987,1522 U.N.T.S. 3,Arts. 2-4.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.702920019e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]