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思考题
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1.道义考虑应当在国际关系行为中起什么作用?在现实中,它们起了什么样的作用?我们能够有意地向其他国家或其他国家的人民谈论道义责任吗?美国在伊拉克和阿富汗的道义责任是什么?
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2.伊拉克战争是否符合走向战争的正当性以及进行战争手段的正当性原则?阿富汗战争呢?
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3.国内政治和国际政治领域内的道义责任是否一样?根据米洛斯对话,雅典的行为符合道义吗?米洛斯元老的行为符合伦理吗?
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4.什么是现实主义?现实主义同自由主义世界政治观区别何在?建构主义给现实主义和自由主义补充了什么?
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5.修昔底德认为伯罗奔尼撒战争的主要原因是什么?哪些是直接原因?哪些是深层原因?
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6.在修昔底德关于战争的描述中包含着哪种国际关系理论?
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7.伯罗奔尼撒战争是不可避免的吗?如果是不可避免的,其原因是什么,它应该在何时爆发?如果是可避免的,那么如何以及何时可以被制止?
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[1] Calculated from UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset and Codebook, version 4-2009;也可参见 Nils Glcditsch, Peter Wallensteen,Michael Eriksson,Margareta Sollenberg,and Havard Strand, “Armed Conflict, 1946—2001: A New Dataset, Journal of Peace Research , 39:5( September 2002), pp. 615—637。
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[2] Thomas Hobbes, Liviathan, ed. C. B. MacPhcrson(London: Penguin, 1981), p.186.
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[3] The New York World, “From Our Dec. 13 Pages, 75 Years Ago.” International Herald Tribune, December 13, 1985.
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[4] Miles Kahler, “Inventing International Relations: International Relations Theory after 1945,” in Michael W. Doyle and G. John Ikenberry, eds., New Thinking in International Relations Theory (Boulder, CO:West view Press, 1977, p.38.
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[5] Emanuel Adler, “Constructivism in International Relations:Sources, Contributions,Debates and Future Directions,” in Walter Carlsnaes,Thomas Risse, and Beth Simmons, eds. , Handbook of International Relations (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003).
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[6] Ian Hurd,quoting Alexander Wendt,“Constuctivism,” in Christopher Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal, Oxford Handbook of International Relations (Oxford: Oxford University press, 2008).
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[7] Jacqui True,“Feminism,” in Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater,eds., Theories of International Relations, 3rd cd. (New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p.233.
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[8] Michael Barnett,“Social Constructivism,” in John Baylis and Steve Smith, eds. , The Globalization of World Politics, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p.260.
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[9] John Maynard Keynes,The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (London: Macmillan, 1936), p.383.
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[10] 销售额和国内生产总值是两种不同的衡量单位,前者可能夸大公司的作用。尽管如此,作这样的比较还是很有意义的,因为公司的销售额是国内生产总值的一部分。
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[11] Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics(Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp.227—228.
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[12] Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.63, trans. Richard Crawley; in Robert B.Strassler, ed., The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War (New York:Touchstone, 1996), pp. 125—126.
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[13] 1.78; ibid., p.44.
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[14] 1.36;ibid. , p.24.
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[15] 1.44; ibid., p.28.
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[16] 1.22; ibid., p.16.
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