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② 指约翰·肯尼迪。——译者注
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③ 主要是指页岩气革命，新能源页岩气，正在冲击传统能源体系。率先实现页岩气开采技术突破的美国，首先掀起了一场“页岩气革命”，不仅天然气产量飙升、煤炭面临被替代威胁，而且能源自给率不断提升，能源出口不断扩大。——译者注
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④ 罗伯特·D·帕特南（Robert D.Putnam）：西方当代著名政治学家，博士毕业后任教于美国密歇根大学，1979年进入哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院任教至今，并在此期担任过院长，现在是哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院公共政策马尔林讲座教授。主要研究领域是政治学、国际政治和公共政策。以社会资本理论分析民主的变迁是帕特南教授的“金字招牌”。——译者注
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[1] Cullen Murphy,Are We Rome?The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America(New York
:Mariner Books,2007).
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[2] Paul Kennedy,The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
:Economic Change and Military Conflict Among the Great Powers from1500to2000(New York
:Random House,1987).
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[3] Of course,there were many more causes of this complex phenomenon.See Ramsay MacMullen,Corruption and the Decline of Rome(New Haven
:Yale University Press,1988).
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[4] See Nicholas Kristof,“We’re not No.1!We’re not No.1!“New York Times,April3,2014.
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[5] “The jobs machine,“The Economist,April13,2013.
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1702965449
[6] Klaus Schwab and Xavier Sala-i-Martin,The Global Competitiveness Report2013-14(Davos
:World Economic Forum,2013).Niall Ferguson,“How America lost its way,“Wall Street Journal,June7,2013.
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[7] Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources:An Assessment of137Shale Formations in41Countries Outside the United States(Washington,DC:US Energy Information Agency,2013),p.3.
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[8] 2014Global R&D Funding Forecast(Columbus
:Batelle Memorial Institute,2014).
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[9] US Patent Statistics Chart,Calendar Years1963-2013(Washington,DC
:The United States Patent and Trademark Office).
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[10] For a more optimistic view of American savings,see Richard N.Cooper,“Global imbalances
:Globalization,demography,and sustainability,“Journal of Economic Perspectives22,Summer2008,p.95.
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[11] Niall Ferguson,“An empire at risk,“Newsweek,December7,2009,p.28;and”A Greek crisis is coming to America,“Financial Times,February11,2010.See also,Francis Warnock,“How dangerous is US government debt?The risk of a sudden spike in US interest rates,“Council on Foreign Relations Report,June2010;available at
:http://www.cfr.org/publication/22408/how_dangerous_is_us_government_debt.html.
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[12] Institute of Higher Education of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,“Academic ranking of the world universities-2009”;available at
:http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2009.jsp.
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[13] “Are higher and lower performing students making gains?“The Nation’s Report Card(Washington,DC
:National Center for Education Statistics,US Department of Education,2013);available at
:http://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading_math_2013/#/gains-percentiles.
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[14] Viktória Kis and Simon Field,Time for the US to Reskill?What the Survey of Adult Skills Says(Washington,DC
:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,2013),p.12.
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[15] Sam Dillon,“Many nations passing US in education,expert says,“New York Times,March10,2010.
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[16] “Gini in the bottle,“The Economist,November26,2013.
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[17] Eduardo Porter,“A relentless widening of disparity in wealth,“New York Times,March12,2014;“Class in America
:Mobility measured,The Economist,February1,2014;Lawrence Summers,“US inequality goes beyond dollars and cents,“Washington Post,June8,2014.
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[18] Francis Fukuyama,“American power is waning because Washington won’t stop quarreling,“The New Republic,March10,2014.
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[19] Sarah Binder,“Polarized we govern?“Washington,DC,Brookings Center for Effective PublicManagement,May2014,p.18.
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[20] Pew Research Center for the People and the Press,“Political polarization in the American public,“June12,2014.
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[21] Henry Kissinger,“America at the apex,“The National Interest,Summer2001,p.15.
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[22] Hart-Teeter Poll for the Council of Excellence in Government,reported in the Washington Post,March24,1997.See also Seymour Martin Lipset and William Schneider,The Confidence Gap(Baltimore
:Johns Hopkins University Press,1987)and Jeffrey Jones,“Trust in Government Remains Low,“Gallup,September18,2008.
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