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(4) Allan Silver在“The Demand for Order in Civil Society: A Review of Some Themes in the History of Urban Crime, Police, and Riot”中,对“警察国家”和“受警视的社会”作了区分,见David J. Bordua, ed., The Police: Six Sociological Essays (New York: John Wiley, 1967).
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(5) 对于20世纪以前北京城市管理与治安最完整的叙述,见Alison Dray⁃Novey, “Policing Imperial Peking: The Ch’ing Gendarmerie, 1650-1850” (Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1981).
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(6) Dray⁃Novey, p.15; The China Yearbook, 1923 ed., pp.596-597.
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(7) 余棨昌编,陈克明校勘:《故都变迁纪略》(北平,出版社不详,1941),第34页。
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(8) North China Herald, 12 April 1907, p.90.
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(9) Dray⁃Novey, p.142.
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(10) 今崛诚二:《北京市民的自治构成》(东京:文求堂,1947)。
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(11) 67
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(12) 有关新政改革的重点探讨,参见Mary B. Rankin, Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China: Zhejiang Province, 1865-1911 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986), chap.6.
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(13) 这座城市一时有点陷入被遗弃的状态。Bertram L. Simpson, Indiscreet Letters from Peking (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1907), p.309.
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(14) Robert M. Duncan(邓肯), Peiping Municipality and the Diplomatic Quarter (Beiping: Peiyang Press, 1933), pp.122-124.
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(15) Marius Jansen, The Japanese and Sun Yat⁃sen (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967), pp.137-138.
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(16) 葛生能久:《东亚先觉志士记传》(东京:黑龙会出版部,1935)第2册,第273页。
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(17) 《座談会「六十年の思い出」——矢野仁一博士を囲んで》,〔出席〕矢野仁一、宮崎市定、萩原淳平,《东方学》第28辑(1964年7月),第143页。在庚子国变时,川岛等日本人曾经庇护过肃亲王,川岛后来收肃亲王的女儿为养女(即川岛芳子——译者注)。
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(18) 沈云龙:《徐世昌评传》,《传记文学》第13卷第3期(1968),第34页。
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(19) 68
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(20) Kuzuu, p.285.
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(21) Stephen R. MacKinnon(麦金农), Power and Politics in Late Imperial China: Yuan Shi⁃kai in Beijing and Tianjin, 1901-1908 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980), pp.151-163.
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(22) 沈云龙,第34页。
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(23) Duncan, p.2.
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(24) Kuzuu, pp.277281. 关于旧式巡捕的没落,见Dray⁃Novey, pp.201-202.
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(25) 69
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(26) Ishii Ryosuke(石井良助), Japanese Legislation in the Meiji Era (Tokyo: Pan⁃Pacific Press, 1958), pp.241-262, 459-470, 555-557.
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(27) 老舍:《我这一辈子》(上海:惠群出版社,1947),第25页。
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(28) Kuzuu, p.276.
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