打字猴:1.70312635e+09
1703126350
1703126351 (338)[清]薛允升:《读例存疑》(第5册),黄静嘉重校,台北:成文出版社,1970,第1035—1036页,律344,例7,例9;[清]徐栋辑:《牧令书》,清同治七年(1868)江苏书局刻本,卷4,第25—27、36页。
1703126352
1703126353 (339)[清]徐栋辑:《牧令书》,清同治七年(1868)江苏书局刻本,卷20,第46页;另参见巴县档案,档案号:6.6.1366。
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1703126355 (340)[清]不著撰者:《治浙成规》,清道光十七年(1837)刊本,卷8,第66页。
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1703126357 (341)译者注:英文原书此处关于差役之法律地位的描述,并不完全准确。据《钦定大清会典》:“凡衙门应役之人,除库丁、斗级、民壮仍列于齐民,其皂隶、马快、步快、小马、禁卒、门子、弓兵、仵作、粮差及巡捕营诸番役,皆为贱役。”[清]昆冈等续修:《清会典》(第2册),卷17,户部,上海:商务印书馆,1936,第180页。
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1703126359 (342)《清会典事例》,北京:中华书局,1991,卷17,第4页;Chü T’ung-tsu, Local Government in China Under the Ch’ing, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962, p. 106; Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, p. 129。
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1703126361 (343)Anders Hansson, Chinese Outcasts, Discrimination and Emancipation in Late Imperial China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996, pp. 49-50.
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1703126363 (344)Anders Hansson, Chinese Outcasts, Discrimination and Emancipation in Late Imperial China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996, p. 89; James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 69.
1703126364
1703126365 (345)Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, pp. 129-132, 134;[清]薛允升:《读例存疑》(第2册),黄静嘉重校,台北:成文出版社,1970,第311页,律115;James T. C. Liu, Reform in Sung China: Wang An-shih(1021-1086)and His New Policies, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959, pp. 164, 256。
1703126366
1703126367 (346)Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, p. 138.
1703126368
1703126369 (347)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.114。
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1703126371 (348)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.4948。
1703126372
1703126373 (349)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.531。另参见巴县档案,档案号:6.6.459;6.6.566;6.6.582;6.6.628;6.6.653。
1703126374
1703126375 (350)这种观点也一再出现于当代学者所写的著述当中。例如,柯慎思认为,衙役们的粗鲁态度,源于他们试图通过滥用手中权力来报复社会大众对他们的鄙视,参见James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 70。
1703126376
1703126377 (351)巴县档案,档案号:6.4.12。
1703126378
1703126379 (352)[清]李渔辑:《新增资治新书全集》,清康熙六年(1667)据尚德堂藏版刊印,卷12,第27页。
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1703126381 (353)Susan Naquin, Shantung Rebellion, The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981, p. 48.
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1703126383 (354)关于民间宗教团体与衙役之间的可能关系,另可参见James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 63; Philip A. Kuhn & Susan Mann-Jones,“Dynastic Decline and the Roots of Rebellion”, in John K. Fairbank, ed., Cambridge History of Ch’ina, Volume 10, Ch’ing Late 1800-1911, Part I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 140。
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1703126385 (355)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.549;6.6.1394;6.6.3187。
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1703126387 (356)关于巴县衙门差役们与当地妓院、客栈和赌场等场所之间的联系,参见巴县档案,档案号:6.6.602,6.6.1394;四川大学藏巴县档案抄本,民刑欺诈类,12,宣统元年(1909)。
1703126388
1703126389 (357)隗瀛涛主编:《近代重庆城市史》,成都:四川大学出版社,1991,第387、396页。清朝的人口数据是按照户而不是人头来统计的。王笛得出的上述巴县民众人均拥有耕地数,乃是他基于每户5人的预设估算出来的。
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1703126391 (358)巴县档案,档案号:6.4.23。
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1703126393 (359)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.582。
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1703126395 (360)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.582。
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1703126397 (361)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.572。
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1703126399 (362)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.622。
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