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(26)对国际刑法领域法院共同体的分析,见Burke-White,“A Community of Courts:Toward a System of International Criminal Law Enforcement,”1.
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(27)Smith,“The Supreme Court in Present-day Society,”134-135.
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(28)Ibid.,135.
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(29)L’Heureux-Dubé,“The Importance of Dialogue,”16.
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(30)Loveland,“The Criminalization of Racist Violence,”257(citing comments by Lord Browne-Wilkinson).
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(31)Constitution of South Africa,Sect.39.
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(32)The State v.T Makwanyane and M Mchunu,Case No.CCT/3/94(South Africa,6 June 1995).
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(33)McCrudden,“A Common Law of Human Rights?:Transnational Judicial Conversations on Constitutional Rights,”506.
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(34)举一个最明显的例子,美利坚合众国宪法的缔造者们在普通法原则和启蒙时代政治理论上浸淫已久。美国宪法中表露出的法律理念又转过来对法国人权宣言产生了影响,接着通过帝国统治传播到了其他各大陆。见Anthony,“The Overseas Trade in the American Bill of Rights,”541.对一国法律如何在国际上得到传播的总体描述,见 Glenn,“Persuasive Authority,”296.
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(35)McClean,“A Common Inheritance? An Examination of the Private International Law Tradition of the Commonwealth,”9-98.
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(36)对这种现象,目前有很好的描述。见Lester,“The Overseas Trade,”541.;Going,“Europaisicrung der Rechtswissenschaft,”937-941;Rapaczynski,“Bibliographical Essay:The Influence of U.S.Constitutionalism Abroad”;Ackerman,“The Rise of:World Constitutionalism,”771;Glendon,Rights Talk:The Impoverishment of Political Discourse,158.
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(37)Watson,Legal Transplants;Watson,“Legal Change:Sources of Law and Legal Culture,”1121-1146;Smith,“Legal Imperialism and Legal Parochialism,”39-54.
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(38)In addition to L’Heureux-Dubé,“The Importance of Dialogue,”16;Choudhry,“Globalization in Search of Justification:Toward a Theory of Comparative Constitutional Interpretation,”819.1980年代末,学者们的目光落在美国宪法单方面地向外传播过程上,请对比一下目前关注点的转变。见 the Constitution of South Africa,Sect.39.
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(39)O’Connor,Keynote Address,American Society of International Law Proceedings.
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(40)On the LEXIS/NEXIS homepage ;available from http://www.lexis-nexis.com;on the Westlaw homepage(cited 16 June 2003);available from http://web2.westlaw.com/signon/defaoult.wl?newdoor=true
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(41)On the CODICES homepage(cited 14 June 2003);available from http://www.codices.coe.int
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(42)In the CODICES homepage ;available from http://codices.coe.int/cgi-bin/om_isapi.dll?clientlD=292647&infobase=codices.nfo&softpage=Browse_ Frame _Pg4 2.
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(43)Ibid.
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(44)“About Lawasia,”in The Law Association for Asia and the Pacific homepage(cited 9 June 2003);available from http://www.lawasia.asn.au.
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(45)See generally,Choudhry,“Globalization in Search of Justification.”
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(46)Schauer,“The Politics and Incentives of Legal Transplantation,”256.
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(47)Ibid.,257.
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(48)Ibid.,258.
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(49)Ibid.不仅在英联邦国家这种影响力模式是这样的,在更广泛的范围内也是如此。绍尔观察到“这种现象不仅在英联邦国家内如此,在英联邦之外也是这样,比如越南。”
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(50)Compare Schauer,“Incentives of Legal Transplantations,”258.
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