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1703248879
[54]Hans J.Morgenthau, Politics in the Twentieth Century: The Impasse of American Foreign Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), 141.
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1703248881
[55]约翰·伊肯伯里认为，美国冷战政策的缔造者了解这一原则，正因为如此，美国在其霸权初期获得了成功。参见G.John Ikenberry, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001)。
1703248882
1703248883
[56]Thomas Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960); Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1966).
1703248884
1703248885
[57]Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Gross Stein, We All Lost the Cold War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Ted Hopf, Peripheral Visions: Deterrence Theory and American Foreign Policy in the Third World, 1965—1990 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994).
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1703248887
[58]Richard Ned Lebow, The Art of Bargaining (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996); Lebow and Stein, We All Lost the Cold War, chap.6.
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1703248889
[59]Thomas Schelling, Strategy of Conflict, 174.
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1703248891
[60]Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979).
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1703248893
[61]Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Emerging Structure of International Politics,” International Security 18, no.2 (1993): 44—79; Charles A.Kupchan, “After Pax Americana: Benign Power, Regional Integration, and the Sources of Stable Multipolarity,” International Security 23 (1998): 40—79; William C. Wohlforth, “The Stability of a Unipolar World,” International Security 24 (1999): 5—41; G. John Ikenberry, America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002).
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[62]冷战证明了权力的某些原型的不相关性。苏联和美国发展了可观的核武库及其投送系统。这些武器是不能使用的。设计这些核武器的主要目的，是进行一场同归于尽式的超级大国战争，相当于自杀，即便不是全球范围内的同归于尽。核武器旨在威慑另一方。核武器及其投放系统的前沿部署是超级大国的冲突与冷战大为延伸的主要原因。参见Lebow and Stein, We All Lost the Cold War, chap.13。
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1703248897
[63]Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 2011 (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), 158.
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1703248899
[64]Elisabeth Sköns, Catalina Perdomo, Sam Perlo-Freeman, and Petter Stålenheim,“Military Expenditure,” in SIPRI Yearbook 2004, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, http: //www.sipri.org/yearbook/2004/files/SIPRIYB0410.pdf, 311—313 (accessed 5 January 2012).
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[65]Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, 9.
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1703248903
[66]Robert Johnson, “The 2012 Defense Budget Is the Highest since World War II,” Business Insider, 19 July 2011, http: //www.businessinsider.com/2012-us-defense-budget-largest-since-world-war-ii-2011-7 (accessed 25 February 2013); Kimberly Amadeo, “FY 2012 US Federal Budget,” About.com, 11 February 2012, http: //useconomy.about.com/od/usfederalbudget/p/US-Government-Federal-Budget-FY2012-Summary.htm (accessed 25 February 2013).
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[67]Global Issues, “World Military Spending,” 25 February 2007, http: //www.global issues.org/Geopolitics/ArmsTrade/Spending.asp#USMilitarySpending (accessed 23 February 2012); Christopher Hellman, “Highlights of the Fiscal Year 2008 Pentagon Spending Request,” 5 February 2007, http: //www.armscontrolcenter.org/archives/002239.php (accessed August 2010).
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1703248907
[68]Joseph S.Nye Jr., Soft Power: The Means to Success in Worlds Politics (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 5—11.
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1703248909
[69]参见Joseph S.Nye Jr., “The Future of American Power,” Foreign Affairs 89, no.6 (2010): 2—14; G.John Ikenberry, Liberal Order and Imperial Ambition (Cambridge: Polity, 2006), especially 1—18; G.John Ikenberry, ed., America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002); John M.Owen IV, “Transnational Liberalism and American Primacy: or, Benignity Is in the Eye of the Beholder,” in Ikenberry, ed., America Unrivaled, 239—259; Thomas Risse, “US Power in a Liberal Security, in Ikenberry, ed., America Unrivaled, 260—283。
1703248910
1703248911
[70]Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Leading through Civilian Power: Redefining American Diplomacy and Development,” Foreign Affairs 89, no.6 (2010): 13—24.
1703248912
1703248913
[71]Globescan/Program on International Policy Attitudes, “Global Views of United States Improves While Other Countries Decline,” BBC Views, 18 April 2010, 7; “BBC Poll: Germany the Most Popular Country in the World.”
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1703248915
[72]Joel Greenberg, “Israel: Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi Pledges New Peace Efforts,” Washington Post, 31 July 2012, http: //articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-07-31/world/35489115_1_netanyahu-and-peres-president-morsi-peace-efforts (accessed 25 February 2013).
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[73]Cf.Calev Ben-David, “Israel Plans Iran Strike; Citizens Say Government Serious,” 15 August 2012, http: //www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-14/israel-plans-for-iran-strike-as-citizens-say-government-serious.html (accessed 25 February 2013).
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[74]Ian Hurd, “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics,” International Organization 53, no.2 (1999): 379—408.
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1703248921
[75]Mark Suchman, quoted in Hurd, “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics,” 387.
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[76]Hurd, “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics,” 381.
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[77]Ibid., 387.
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[78]Ibid., 400—403.
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