打字猴:1.70327571e+09
1703275710 Watkins,Frederick. Hume’s Theory of Politics. Edinburgh:Nelson,1951.
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1703275712 Weber,Max. Economy and Society. Edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Berkeley:University of California Press,1922/1978.
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1703275714 Westen,Drew. The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation. New York:Public Affairs,2007.
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1703275716 Whelan,Frederick G. Order and Artifice in Hume’s Political Philosophy. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1985.
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1703275718 ——.“Time,Revolution and Prescriptive Right in Hume’s Theory of Government”,Utilitas 7(1995),pp. 97—119.
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1703275720 Winch,Donald. Adam Smith’s Politics: An Essay in Historiographic Revision. New York:Cambridge University Press,1978.
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1703275722 ——.“Adam Smith and the Liberal Tradition”,in Knud Haakonsen,ed.,Traditions of Liberalism. Sydney,Australia:Centre for Independent Studies,1988,pp. 83—104.
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1703275724 Wispé,Lauren. The Psychology of Sympathy. New York:Plenum,1991.
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1703275726 Wolin,Sheldon.“Hume and Conservatism”,in Livingston and King,eds.,op. cit.
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1703275728 Wood,Allen W. Kant’s Ethical Thought. New York:Cambridge University Press,1999.
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1703275730 Wright,Robert. The Moral Animal. New York:Vintage,1994.
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1703275732 Yenor,Scott.“Humanity and Happiness:Philosophic Treatment of Happiness in a Non-Teleological World”,Interpretation 31:3(2004),pp. 301—324.
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1703275734 Zajonc,R. B.“Feeling and Thinking:Preferences Need No Inferences”,American Psychologist 35(1980),pp. 151—175.
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1703275736 Zammito,John H. Kant, Herder and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2002.
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1703275741 同情的启蒙:18世纪与当代的正义和道德情感 [:1703273660]
1703275742 同情的启蒙:18世纪与当代的正义和道德情感 注释
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1703275744 导言
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1703275746 [1]政治理论之中最著名的反思平衡性理论,参见John Rawls,A Theory of Justice. Revised Edition. Cambridge,Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1971/1999,pp.40—46。
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1703275748 [2]值得注意的是这个政治性的比喻,在前启蒙时期绕了点宗教的弯路,在那时候上帝被视为道德准则的权威立法者。启蒙时期的反思性道德自主性更多的是对这个宗教色彩的道德立法概念的回应,而不是直接将政治理论应用于道德哲学。对这一段历史的详述,参见J. B. Schneewind,The Invention of Autonomy:A History of Modern Moral Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press,1998。
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1703275750 [3]道德哲学的反思性的情感主义必须和同时文学领域的伤感主义(在文学中也是sentimentalism这个词,但一般中译为伤感主义)相区分开来,比如说那种感情充沛的18世纪文学著作,诸如: Rousseau,The New Heloise;Laurence Sterne,Sentimental Journey;Henry Mackenzie,The Man of Feeling;以及 J. W. Goethe,The Sorrows of Young Werther。在启蒙时期,道德哲学和文学领域的情感主义之间的关系十分复杂,而且这关系也远远超出了此书的范畴。不过我们可以简单地认为,是文学上的伤感主义给了这个名字不好的含义,而不是道德哲学的情感主义。我在这里使用“情感主义”这个词也是一种语言上的试图将它从这种负面意义中解救出来的努力。
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1703275752 [4]虽然启蒙主义者都最终朝着“反思自主性”努力,但这个专有名词是我自己独创的,18世纪还未有的。这个词有意地综合了两种启蒙主义。不过一边来说,情感主义者更经常谈到“反思”和人类作为“反思性”动物;理性主义者当然就更喜欢谈到人类作为“理性”动物。但另一边来说,却是理性主义者最经常谈到“自主性”这个词。最有意思的是,情感主义者很明显地也将反思视为自主的,理性主义将自主性视为反思性的,虽然他们两边都没有用以上这些概念术语。
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1703275754 [5]启蒙时代情感主义的一些特征归为“英国启蒙运动”的著作,参见Gertrude Himmelfarb,The Roads to Modernity:The British, French and American Enlightenments. New York: Vintage Books,2004。
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1703275756 [6]Rawls,Political Liberalism. Revised Paperback Edition. New York: Columbia University Press,1993/1996,p. xl。类似的将“启蒙运动项目”描述为本质上理性主义的著作可以在最近的各种意识形态的道德政治哲学家那里找到: 从极端左翼的霍克海默、阿多诺和福柯;到中间的自由主义的罗尔斯、柏林和卡西勒;再到右翼欧克肖特、斯特劳斯和马金泰尔。除以上外,还有举不胜举的例子。在这里我要感谢拉斯玛森为我提供他还未发表的关于现代反启蒙运动思想的文稿。
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1703275758 [7]关于其对18世纪哲学的讽刺,例见Drew Westen,The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation. New York: Public Affairs,2007;以及George Lakoff,The Political Mind: Why You Can’t Understand 21st-Century American Politics with an 18th-Century Brain. New York: Viking,2008。Cheryl Hall,The Trouble with Passion:Political Theory Beyond the Reign of Reason. New York: Routledge,2005(pp. 5—6),类似地攻击了“自由理性主义”和它的“以启蒙运动为基础的对理性的崇尚”。同时值得注意的是,休谟是批评对象而非启发者,见Michael Walzer,Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press,2004(pp. 115—116)。现在对感情的政治权威地位的辩护,从古代,尤其是亚里斯多德那里寻找启发,而非启蒙主义,例如Barbara Koziak,Retrieving Political Emotion: Thumos, Aristotle and Gender. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press,2000;Marlene K. Sokolon,Political Emotions: Aristotle and the Symphony of Reason and Emotion. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press,2006。对此问题最近更加广泛的讨论,见Rebecca Kingston and Leonard Ferry,eds,Bringing the Passions Back In: The Emotions in Political Philosophy. Vancouver,Canada: University of British Columbia Press,2008。
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