1703293747
1703293748
[7]Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R.Scully,“Latin America: Eight Lessons for Governance,”Journal of Democracy, Volume 19, Number 3 July 2008, pp.113-127.
1703293749
1703293750
[8]Richard Joseph,“Democratization in Africa after 1989: Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives，”Comparative Politics, Vol.29, No.3, Transitions to Democracy: A Special Issue in Memory of Dankwart A.Rustow（Apr., 1997）, pp.363-382.
1703293751
1703293752
[9]Michael McFaul,“The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World,”World Politics, Vol.54, No.2（Jan., 2002）, pp.212-244.
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1703293754
[10]Thomas Carothers,“The End of Transition Paradigm,”Journal of Democracy, 13（1）, 2002: 5-21.
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1703293756
[11]Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: the Struggle to Build Free Societies throughout the World, New York: Times Books, 2008, pp.56-87.
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1703293758
[12]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，刘军宁译，上海：上海三联书店1998年版，第54页。
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1703293760
[13]Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: the Struggle to Build Free Societies throughout the World, New York: Times Books, 2008, p.96.详细数据的来源请参阅联合国开发署发布的各国人类发展指标和自由之家发表的各国政治权利和公民权利评价系统。戴蒙德在此参考的是2006年的数据，他排除了古巴。
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1703293762
[14]Adam Przeworski, Michael E.Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000., 79-80.
1703293763
1703293764
[15]Seymour Martin Lipset,“Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,”American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1, Mar 1959, pp.69-105.
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1703293766
[16]Robert J. Barro,“Determinants of Democracy,”The Journal of Political Economy, 1999, Vol.107, No.6, pp.158-183.
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1703293768
[17]Adam Przeworski, Michael E.Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000: 137.
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1703293770
[18]Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World, New York: Times Books, 2008, p.27.
1703293771
1703293772
[19]罗伯特·达尔：《多头政体》，第79页。
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1703293774
[20]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，第70—74页。
1703293775
1703293776
[21]Seymour Martin Lipset,“The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address,”American Sociological Review, Vol.59, No.1, Feb.1994, pp.1-24.
1703293777
1703293778
[22]巴林顿·摩尔：《民主与专制的社会起源》，拓夫等译，北京：华夏出版社1987年版，第334—350页。
1703293779
1703293780
[23]Evelyne Huber and John D.Stephens,“The Bourgeoisie and Democracy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives，”Social Research, Vol.66, No.3，Fall 1999, pp.759-788.
1703293781
1703293782
[24]John D.Stephens,“Democratic Transitions and Breakdown in Western Europe, 1870-1939: A Test of the Moore Thesis,”The American Journal of Sociology, Vol.94, No.5,（Mar., 1989）, pp.1019-1077.
1703293783
1703293784
[25]Jean Grugel, Democratization: A Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002, p.54.
1703293785
1703293786
[26]Ruth Berins Collier, Paths towards Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1703293787
1703293788
[27]亚里士多德：《政治学》，吴寿彭译，北京：商务印书馆2007年版，第207—215页。
1703293789
1703293790
[28]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，第76—78页。
1703293791
1703293792
[29]托克维尔：《论美国的民主》，董果良译，北京：商务印书馆2008年版，第354—358、74页。
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1703293794
[30]加布里埃尔·阿尔蒙德和西德尼·维巴：《公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制》，徐湘林等译，北京：东方出版社2008年版，第443页。
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1703293796
[31]Ronald Inglehart,“The Renaissance of Political Culture,”American Political Science Review, Vol.82, No.4,（Dec., 1988）, pp.1203-1230.
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