1703334120
1703334121
87.Peng et al., 2004; Cerri et al., 2007; Kucharik and Serbin 2008; Lobell, Schlenker and Costa-Roberts, 2011; National Research Council, 2011; Challinor et al., 2014; Shindell,2016.
1703334122
1703334123
88.Braconier, Nicoletti and Westmore, 2014.
1703334124
1703334125
6. 廉价的能源
1703334126
1703334127
0.题记:Columbus, 2003, 161.
1703334128
1703334129
1.Bowman et al., 2009.
1703334130
1703334131
2.Berna et al., 2012.
1703334132
1703334133
3.Herodotus, 1945, 311, referenced in Heizer, 1963, 188.
1703334134
1703334135
4.Mcglone and Wilmshurst, 1999.
1703334136
1703334137
5.Teng, 1927.
1703334138
1703334139
6.人类继续按可持续的原则利用着森林资源。当人类社会有足够的自治能力和有一个帮助人类能够从偶发的灾难中恢复过来的基地时,他们可以一起成功地管理共有资源(Thirsk, 1964)。例如,21世纪开采森林资源的平民能够比企业和国家政府更好地管理森资源(Chhatre and Agrawal, 2009)。
1703334140
1703334141
7.Cronon, 1983, 51.
1703334142
1703334143
8.Dull et al., 2010.
1703334144
1703334145
9.Parker, 2014.
1703334146
1703334147
10.S. Lewis and Maslin, 2015.
1703334148
1703334149
11.Birrell, 1987.
1703334150
1703334151
12.Linebaugh, 2008, 6, 306.
1703334152
1703334153
13.Ibid., 55.
1703334154
1703334155
14.P. Lewis, 1811, 186, quoted in ibid., 8.
1703334156
1703334157
15.Elvin, 2004, 20.
1703334158
1703334159
16.这个争论已经有1个多世纪了。参见:Luxemburg (1913), 2003; Wallerstein, 1974; Bunker, 1985。
1703334160
1703334161
17.Leach, 1987, 64; Nathan and Kelkar, 1997; Gylfason and Zoega, 2002.
1703334162
1703334163
18.Huber, 2009; Abramsky, 2010.
1703334164
1703334165
19.World Economic Forum, 2012, 3.
1703334166
1703334167
20.Westra, 1998.
1703334168
1703334169
21.Gerretson, 1953, 1.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70333412e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]