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1703334131
2.Berna et al., 2012.
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1703334133
3.Herodotus, 1945, 311, referenced in Heizer, 1963, 188.
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1703334135
4.Mcglone and Wilmshurst, 1999.
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1703334137
5.Teng, 1927.
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1703334139
6.人类继续按可持续的原则利用着森林资源。当人类社会有足够的自治能力和有一个帮助人类能够从偶发的灾难中恢复过来的基地时，他们可以一起成功地管理共有资源（Thirsk, 1964)。例如，21世纪开采森林资源的平民能够比企业和国家政府更好地管理森资源（Chhatre and Agrawal, 2009）。
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7.Cronon, 1983, 51.
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1703334143
8.Dull et al., 2010.
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1703334145
9.Parker, 2014.
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1703334147
10.S. Lewis and Maslin, 2015.
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1703334149
11.Birrell, 1987.
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1703334151
12.Linebaugh, 2008, 6, 306.
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1703334153
13.Ibid., 55.
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1703334155
14.P. Lewis, 1811, 186, quoted in ibid., 8.
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1703334157
15.Elvin, 2004, 20.
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1703334159
16.这个争论已经有1个多世纪了。参见：Luxemburg (1913), 2003; Wallerstein, 1974; Bunker, 1985。
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1703334161
17.Leach, 1987, 64; Nathan and Kelkar, 1997; Gylfason and Zoega, 2002.
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1703334163
18.Huber, 2009; Abramsky, 2010.
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1703334165
19.World Economic Forum, 2012, 3.
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1703334167
20.Westra, 1998.
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1703334169
21.Gerretson, 1953, 1.
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22.Andriesse, 1988.
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23.Smil, 2010, 83; R. Allen, 2013; Oram, 2013. Wrigley (1990, 59) 并不看好泥炭的能量密度，认为其在相同重量情况下，能量只有煤炭的1/2。
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24.Van Dam, 2001.
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1703334177
25.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 38.
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26.Van Dam, 2001.
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