1703334142
1703334143
8.Dull et al., 2010.
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1703334145
9.Parker, 2014.
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1703334147
10.S. Lewis and Maslin, 2015.
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1703334149
11.Birrell, 1987.
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1703334151
12.Linebaugh, 2008, 6, 306.
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1703334153
13.Ibid., 55.
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1703334155
14.P. Lewis, 1811, 186, quoted in ibid., 8.
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1703334157
15.Elvin, 2004, 20.
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1703334159
16.这个争论已经有1个多世纪了。参见：Luxemburg (1913), 2003; Wallerstein, 1974; Bunker, 1985。
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1703334161
17.Leach, 1987, 64; Nathan and Kelkar, 1997; Gylfason and Zoega, 2002.
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1703334163
18.Huber, 2009; Abramsky, 2010.
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1703334165
19.World Economic Forum, 2012, 3.
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1703334167
20.Westra, 1998.
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1703334169
21.Gerretson, 1953, 1.
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1703334171
22.Andriesse, 1988.
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1703334173
23.Smil, 2010, 83; R. Allen, 2013; Oram, 2013. Wrigley (1990, 59) 并不看好泥炭的能量密度，认为其在相同重量情况下，能量只有煤炭的1/2。
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1703334175
24.Van Dam, 2001.
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1703334177
25.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 38.
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1703334179
26.Van Dam, 2001.
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1703334181
27.Davids, 2008.
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1703334183
28.Brenner, 1976.
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1703334185
29.Brenner, 2001.
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30.Zeeuw, 1978; De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 182.
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1703334189
31.Smil, 2010, 83.
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1703334191
32.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997; van Dam, 2001.
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