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33.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 199–200.
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34.Wallerstein, 1974, 121–22.
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35.Topolski, 1962; Moore 2010b.
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1703334199
36.Davids, 2008, 239, 408–9.
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37.Van der Woude, 2003.
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38.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 37.
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39.Van der Woude, 2003.
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1703334207
40.Unger, 1984, 245–46.
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41.Van der Woude, 2003, 75.
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42.Van Zanden, 1993, 172, cited in Davids, 2008, 18.
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43.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, ch. 12.
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44.Ibid., 631.
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45.Nef, 1934; De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 37–40.
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46.Nef, 1964是早期工业化的典型描述。也可参见：Moore, 2016, 78–115; 2017a。
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47.Solinus, Collectanea rerum memorabilium (Polyhistor) 22, quoted in Freese, 2003, 15.
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48.Malanima, 2009, 61.
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49.Braudel, 1981, 369.
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50.Wrigley, 1990, 59.
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51.De Vries and van der Woude, 1997, 631.
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52.R. Allen, 2009, 105.
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53.Ibid., especially 156–81.
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54.Ibid., 217–37.
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55.Fremdling, 2005.
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56.Von Tunzelmann, 1981.
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57.Bonneuil and Fressoz, 2016, 108–9.
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