打字猴:1.70335736e+09
1703357360
1703357361 [26]有关资料及讨论可见Michael W. Doyle,“Kant,Liberal Legacies,and Foreign Affairs”,Philosophy and Public Affairs 12,Issue 3(1983),pp.205-235;Issue 4,pp.323-353。亦可见Charles R.Beitz,Political Theory and International Relations(Princeton,NJ: Princeton University Press,1979); Spencer Weart,Never at War:Why Democracies Wi l Not Fight One Another(New Haven:Yale University Press,1998)。
1703357362
1703357363 [27]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
1703357364
1703357365 [28]Ibid.
1703357366
1703357367 [29]Ibid.,p. 105.
1703357368
1703357369 [30]按康德的说法,国际法是规范国与国之间的法律;世界法则是视人人为一人类普遍性国家(a universal state of mankind)公民的法律,适用于所有人类。Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 98-99.
1703357370
1703357371 [31]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 105-107;亦可见“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,pp.172-173。
1703357372
1703357373 [32]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 104.
1703357374
1703357375 [33]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 171.
1703357376
1703357377 [34]Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 90.
1703357378
1703357379 [35]Ibid.
1703357380
1703357381 [36]Ibid.,p. 92.
1703357382
1703357383 [37]Ibid.
1703357384
1703357385 [38]Kant “,Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 105.粗体为原文所加。亦可参考Mary J. Gregor的译本,她将international state译为state of nations。康德所指的nation,应是peoples之意。
1703357386
1703357387 [39]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 113-114.亦可参见“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,p. 171。
1703357388
1703357389 [40]Jean Bodin,On Sovereignty:Four Chapters from the Six Books of the Commonwealth,ed. Julian H. Franklin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1992).
1703357390
1703357391 [41]康德也接受了博丹对这三种政治制度的区分。见Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p.100。
1703357392
1703357393 [42]对于主权概念的历史起源及发展更详细的讨论,可参陈弘毅:《主权和人权的历史和法理学反思》,《二十一世纪》,第55期(1999),页18—29。
1703357394
1703357395 [43]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 94.韦伯对国家的看法,可见Weber,“Politics as a Vocation”,in From Max Weber:Essays in Sociology,ed.H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (London: Routledge,1948),p. 78。
1703357396
1703357397 [44]Kant,“☆e Metaphysics of Morals”,pp. 137-138.亦可见“☆eory and Practice”,p. 73。
1703357398
1703357399 [45]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 94.如前面所言,康德并没有要求原初契约必须在历史上发生过,它只是假然性的契约,但却是任何政权合法性(legitimacy)的必要条件。Kant,“☆eory and Practice”,p. 79。
1703357400
1703357401 [46]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,pp. 94,96(亦即六项预备性条款中的第二及第五项)。
1703357402
1703357403 [47]Kant,“Toward Perpetual Peace”,p. 118.
1703357404
1703357405 [48]Ibid.,p. 104.
1703357406
1703357407 [49]Jürgen Habermas,“Kant’s Idea of Perpetual Peace,with the Benefit of Two Hundred Years’Hindsight”,in Perpetual Peace,ed.Bohman and Lutz-Bachmann,p. 128.
1703357408
1703357409 [50]G. W. F. Hegel,Philosophy of Right,trans.T. M. Knox (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1952),pp. 213-214.
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