打字猴:1.70336442e+09
1703364420
1703364421 spectators: boundary separation participants from 旁观者:与参与者的区分界线;numbers of 旁观者的数量;reference politicians’ relationship with 参照政治人与旁观者的关系
1703364422
1703364423 Spencer, Herbert 赫伯特·斯彭斯
1703364424
1703364425 staff(crisscross)system of supervision 监督的参谋(十字形)系统
1703364426
1703364427 staff type of organization 组织的参谋类型
1703364428
1703364429 stockholders:股东:as ultimate sover-eigns 作为最高领导
1703364430
1703364431 subordinates 下属;communicating with 与下属沟通;control over 对下属的控制;ensuring compliance by 确保下属顺从;judging by results 用结果进行判断;more intelligent than supervisors 比监管人员更聪明;pleasing of sover-eigns 取悦领导; ranking of superiors by number of 依据下属数量确定上级级别;reporting on other subordinates 打其他下属的小报告;rewards and penalties 奖与罚;as slaves 作为奴隶; sovereigns’ knowledge of activities of 领导对下属活动的了解;superior to supervisor in abilities 上级对监督人员能力的了解;tradeoffs for higher/lower numbers of 数量多/少的替换办法;types of obedience from 服从的类型
1703364432
1703364433 superiors: arts of persuasion 上级:劝说的艺术;individual’s way of dealing with 与个人打交道的方式;influence over inferiors 对下级的影响;multiple 多位上级;personal assistants to 个人助手
1703364434
1703364435 supervision:监督、监管:cost accounting for 成本核算;crisscross system of 十字型体制;ease of high vs. low level 高与低水平的放松;judging subordinates by results 根据成果对下属作出判断;law of large numbers in 大数法则;within military 军队中的监管
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1703364437 supervisors:监管人员:central problem for most 大多数人遇到的关键问题;criteria for judging subordinates 判断下属的原则;efficiency sought from subordinates 从下属中挖掘效率ideal 理想的监管人员;ignorance of area supervised 对所监督领域的忽视
1703364438
1703364439 Swigget, Harold, Power and the Prize 哈罗德·斯威格特,《权力与奖励》
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1703364441 takeover bids 接管出价
1703364442
1703364443 tariffs, abolishing of 废除关税
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1703364445 tasks in hierarchies:等级制的任务:complexity and efficiency 复杂与效率;limitations on 限制条件;simple vs. complex 简单与复杂
1703364446
1703364447 tenure 终身的
1703364448
1703364449 theory of constitutions 宪政理论
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1703364451 theory of political obligation 政治寡头统治理论
1703364452
1703364453 theory of the firm 企业理论
1703364454
1703364455 Tullock, Gordon:戈登·塔洛克:The Calculus of Consent 《同意的计算》,0;contributions to administrative theory 有关行政管理理论的著作;Entrepreneurial Politics 《创新政治学》;methodology used by 运用的方法论;“Utility, Strategy, and Social Decision Rules, A Comment” 《效用、策略与社会决策规则评说》
1703364456
1703364457 two-party political systems, pressure toward 对两党政治制度的压力
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1703364459 ultimate sovereigns 最高领导
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1703364461 United States government: bureaucratic cliques 美国政府官僚体制中的派系
1703364462
1703364463 U.S. Congress: slipping bills through 美国国会,法案的通过
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1703364465 U.S. Department of State 美国国务院
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1703364467 U.S. foreign policy 美国外交政策
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1703364469 “Utility, Strategy, and Social Decision Rules, A Comment”(Tullock) 《效用、策略与社会决策规则评说》(塔洛克 著)
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