1703368850
1703368851
[84] Nathaniel Leff,“Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption,”American Behavioral Scientist,8 (Nov.1964),132;楷体为原文所有。
1703368852
1703368853
[85] Colin Leys,“What Is the Problem About Corruption?”Journal of Modern African Studies,3 (1965),230.
1703368854
1703368855
[86] Leff,p. 137.
1703368856
1703368857
[87] Robert R. Alford,Party and Society (Chicago,Rand McNally,1963),p. 298.
1703368858
1703368859
[88] Needler,Political Development in Latin America ,Chap. 6,pp. 15—16.
1703368860
1703368861
[89] Peter C. Lloyd,“The Development of Political Parties in Western Nigeria,”American Political Science Review,49 (Sept.1955),695.
1703368862
1703368863
[90] George E. Taylor,The Philippines and the United States:Problems of Partnership (New York,Praeger,1964),p. 157.
1703368864
1703368865
[91] Myron Weiner,The Politics of Scarcity (Chicago,University of Chicago Press,1962),p. 253;Joseph S. Nye,“Corruption and Political Development:A Cost-Benefit Analysis,”American Political Science Review,61 (June 1967),417—427.
1703368866
1703368867
[92] James Harrington,引自Sabine,A History of Political Thought (rev. ed. New York,Henry Holt,1950),p. 501。
1703368868
1703368869
[93] Leff,pp. 10—12.
1703368870
1703368871
[94] Henry Jones Ford,The Rise and Growth of American Politics (New York,Macmillan,1858),pp. 322—323.
1703368872
1703368873
[95] 更详尽的有关突破性军事政变与激进的普力夺政治,参见本书第四章。
1703368874
1703368875
[96] Aristotle,Politics ,p. 112;楷体为原文所有。
1703368876
1703368877
[97] Sabine,p. 343.
1703368878
1703368879
[98] Kornhauser,passim;David C. Rapoport,“Praetorianism:Government Without Consensus”(unpublished Ph.D. dissertation,University of California,Berkeley,1960);Rapoport,in Huntington,ed.,Changing Patterns ,p. 72,where the quotation occurs.
1703368880
1703368881
[99] Edward Gibbon,The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (New York,Macmillan,1899),1 ,235,引自Rapoport in Huntington,ed.,Changing Patterns p. 98。
1703368882
1703368883
[100] Sarmiento,Facundo (New York,Appleton,1868),p. 33;Silvert,pp. 358—359.
1703368884
1703368885
[101] Ralph Braibanti,“Public Bureaucracy and Judiciary in Pakistan,”in Joseph LaPalombara,ed.,Bureaucracy and Political Development (Princeton,Princeton University Press,1963),p. 373.
1703368886
1703368887
[102] Johnson,Military and Society ,p. 143.
1703368888
1703368889
[103] 见The Republic ,Book Ⅷ(Cornford trans.,New York,Oxford University Press,1946),pp. 291—293,特别是关于极权政权的描述。
1703368890
1703368891
[104] 也许最接近当代的模式来自一位小说家而非社会科学家:威廉·戈尔丁(William Golding)。《苍蝇王》(The Lord of the Flies )一书中的学童(新独立的精英分子)起初试图模仿成人的行为方式(前西方统治者)。但是纪律涣散了,一致性意见解体了。一位寡头军人领袖和他的追随者们赢得或强迫大多数人的支持。权威的象征(贝壳)被砸碎。责任[拉尔夫(Ralph)]和理智[彼基(Piggy)]的呼声被置若罔闻和搅乱。理智遭到破坏。最后,那个海军军官(英国海军陆战队司令)及时赶到,从“猎人”(叛军)手中挽救了拉尔夫(尼雷尔)。
1703368892
1703368893
[105] 见Robert T. Holt and John E. Turner,The Political Basis of Economic Development (Princeton,Van Nostrand,1966)。
1703368894
1703368895
[106] Thomas B. Macaulay,letter to Henry S. Randall,Courtlandt Village,New York,May 23,1857,printed in“What Did Macaulay Say About America?”Bulletin of the New York Public Library,24 (July 1925),477—479.
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1703368897
[107] 见William H. Riker,Federalism:Origin,Operation,Significance (Boston,Little Brown,1964),pp. 1—10。
1703368898
1703368899
[108] Lloyd I. Rudolph,“From the Politics of Status to the Politics of Opinion”(unpublished Ph.D. dissertation,Harvard University,1956).
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