打字猴:1.70337138e+09
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1703371382 变化社会中的政治秩序 [:1703368140]
1703371383 变化社会中的政治秩序 组织的必要性
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1703371385 社会和经济的现代化破坏了旧的权威模式,摧毁了传统的政治制度,却不一定会创造出新的权威模式或新的政治制度。但它却一定会由于启发了政治觉悟和扩大了政治参与而产生对新权威和新制度的迫切需求。不管主观上是否愿意,美国促进了亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲把群众动员起来进入政治。其他的集团也为组织这种动员做了许多有意识的和认真的工作。列宁在1905年曾说道:“无产阶级在夺取政权时除了组织以外别无武器……无产阶级只有通过这一点才能成为不可战胜的力量。”弗雷在1966年说道:“智利广大群众没有任何组织,而没有组织就没有权力,没有权力就会在国家的生活中没有自己的代表。”[78] 组织是通向政治权力之路,也是政治稳定的基础,因而也就是政治自由的前提。在那么多处于现代化之中的国家里存在着的权力和权威的真空,可以暂时由魅力领袖人物或军事力量来填补;但只有政治组织才足以永久地填补这一真空。或者是统治集体在现存政治制度之内互相竞争以便组织群众,或者是异己集团组织群众推翻这个制度,二者必居其一。身处正在实现现代化之中的当今世界,谁能组织政治,谁就能掌握未来。
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1703371387 [1] Leonard B. Schapiro,The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (New York,Random House,1960),p. 258.
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1703371389 [2] Philip Rudolph,North Korea’s Political and Economic Structure (New York,Institute of Pacific Relations,1959),p. 61.
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1703371391 [3] Raymond Vernon,The Dilemma of Mexico’s Development (Cambridge,Harvard University Press,1963),p. 59.
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1703371393 [4] M. Corpierre,“Le totalitarisme africain,”Preuves,143 (January 1963),17,转引自Immanuel Wallerstein,“The Decline of the Partyin Single-Party African States,”in LaPalombara and Weiner,eds.,Political Parties and Political Development ,p. 204。
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1703371395 [5] Ceorge Washington,Letter to Jay,November 1,1794,Writings (W.C. Ford ed.,New York,Putnam’s,1891)12 ,486.
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1703371397 [6] 波林布罗克(1678-1751年),英国政治理论家。——译者注
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1703371399 [7] Lord Bolingbroke,“The Idea of a Patriot King,”Works (London,Hansard and Sons,1809),4 ,280—281.
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1703371401 [8] Maurice Duverger,Political Parties (New York,John Wiley,1954),p. 426.
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1703371403 [9] Washington,“Farewell Address,”in Ford,ed.,13 ,304.
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1703371405 [10] 见Myron Weiner and Joseph LaPalombara,“The Impact of Parties on Political Development,”in LaPalombara and Weiner,p. 400。
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1703371407 [11] Edwin Lieuwen,Generals vs. Presidents ,p. 61.
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1703371409 [12] Luis Muñoz Marin,New York Times ,Dec. 27,1964,p. 43.
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1703371411 [13] Philip E. Converse,“The Nature of Belief Systems im Mass Publics,”in David Apter,ed.,Ideology and Discontent (New York,The Free Press,1964),pp. 248—249。楷体为原文所有。
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1703371413 [14] William J. Foltz,“Building the Newest Nations:Short-Run Strategies and Long-Run Problems,”in Karl W. Deutsch and William J. Foltz,eds.,Nation-Building (New York,Atherton Press,1963),p. 121.
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1703371415 [15] William J. Foltz,“Building the Newest Nations:Short-Run Strategies and Long-Run Problems,”in Karl W. Deutsch and William J. Foltz,eds.,Nation-Building (New York,Atherton Press,1963),pp. 123—124.
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1703371417 [16] 转引自Caridad C. Semaña,“Some Political Aspects of Philippine Economic Development After Independence”(Ph.D. dissertation,Harvard University,1965),p. 166。
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1703371419 [17] William N. Chambers,Political Parties in a New Nation (New York,Oxford University Press,1963),p. 26.
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1703371421 [18] Keith Callard,Political Forces in Pakistan,1947—1959 (New York,Institute of Pacific Relations,1959),pp. 24—25.
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1703371423 [19] David A. Wilson,Politics in Thailand (Ithaca,Cornell University Press,1962),p. 68.
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1703371425 [20] Henderson,Korea:The Politics of Vortex ,p. 288;David Abernethy,“Education and Politics in a Developing Society:The Southern Nigerian Experience”(Ph.D. dissertation,Harvard University,1965),p. 331.
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1703371427 [21] 美国的经历参见Chambers,pp. 32—33。
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1703371429 [22] Rupert Emerson,“Nation-Building in Africa,”in Deutsch and Foltz,pp. 110—111.
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