打字猴:1.70343117e+09
1703431170
1703431171 [28]Bolton and Rosenthal,“Political Intervention.”
1703431172
1703431173 [29]Rothbard,Panic of 1819.
1703431174
1703431175 [30]同上。
1703431176
1703431177 [31]同上，第28页。
1703431178
1703431179 [32]Price Fishback,Jonathan Rose,and Kenneth Snowden,Well Worth Saving:How the New Deal Safeguarded Home Ownership （Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2013）.
1703431180
1703431181 [33]同上。
1703431182
1703431183 [34]Randall Kroszner,“Is It Better to Forgive than to Receive?:Repudiation of the Gold Indexation Clause in LongTerm Debt during the Great Depression” （manuscript,University of Chicago,1998）.
1703431184
1703431185 [35]John Geanakoplos and Susan Koniak,“Mortgage Justice Is Blind,” New York Times,October 29,2008.
1703431186
1703431187 [36]有关第13章破产法的相关信息来自Mark Scarberry and Scott Reddie,“Home Mortgage Strip Down in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy:A Contextual Approach to Sections 1322（b）（2） and （b）（5）,” Pepperdine Law Review 20,no.2 （2012）:425-96。
1703431188
1703431189 [37]关于这个解释在法律上存在大量争论，20世纪80年代末至90年代初的一系列案件随着1992年“贵族诉美利坚储蓄银行案”（Nobleman v. American Savings Bank）而结束，法院裁定根据初始《破产法》第13章的规定，有担保的住房抵押贷款债务不能减记。在此之前，很多法官处理破产案件时允许住房抵押贷款减记。参见Scarberry and Reddie,“Home Mortgage Strip Down in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy”。
1703431190
1703431191 [38]Clea Benson,“Obama Housing Fix Faltered on CarrotsNotSticks Policy,”Bloomberg News,June 11,2012.
1703431192
1703431193 [39]Binyamin Appelbaum,“Cautious Moves on Foreclosures Haunting Obama,”New York Times,August 19,2012.
1703431194
1703431195 [40]同上。
1703431196
1703431197 [41]Doris Dungey,“Just Say Yes to Cram Downs,” Calculated Risk,October 7,2007,http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2007/10/justsayyestocramdowns.html.
1703431198
1703431199 [42]Doris Dungey,“House Considers Cram Downs,” Calculated Risk,December 12,2007,http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2007/12/houseconsiderscramdowns.html.
1703431200
1703431201 [43]Bill McBride,“Mortgage Cramdowns:A Missed Opportunity,” Calculated Risk,August 20,2012,http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2012/08/mortgagecramdownsmissedopportunity.html.
1703431202
1703431203 [44]一个相关的建议来自Eric Posner和Luigi Zingales，修改《破产法》第13章，允许邮政编码区的购房者在破产时减记住房抵押贷款，特别是那些受到房价下跌沉重打击的家庭，条件是这些家庭需要在未来出售房屋时放弃部分可能上升的收益。参见 Eric Posner and Luigi Zingales,“A Loan Modification Approach to the Housing Crisis,” American Law and Economics Review 11,no.2 （2009）:575-607。
1703431204
1703431205 [45]Geanakoplos,“Solving the Present Crisis.”
1703431206
1703431207 [46]OCC Mortgage Metrics Report,“OCC Reports on Mortgage Performance for Fourth Quarter,” March 27,2013.
1703431208
1703431209 [47]Roberts and Kaper,“Out of Their Depth.”
1703431210
1703431211 [48]Benson,“Obama Housing Fix Faltered.”
1703431212
1703431213 [49]International Monetary Fund,“Concluding Statement of the 2012 Article IV Mission to the United States of America,” July 3,2012,http://www.imf.org/external/np/ms/2012/070312.htm.
1703431214
1703431215 [50]Daniel Leigh,Deniz Igan,John Simon,and Petia Topalova,“Chapter 3:Dealing with Household Debt,” in IMF World Economic Outlook:Growth Resuming,Dangers Remain,April 2012.
1703431216
1703431217 [51]Will Dobbie and Jae Song,“Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes:Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection” （working paper,Harvard University,May2013）.
1703431218
1703431219 第11章
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