1703431233
[7]Richard Koo,“The World in Balance Sheet Recession
:What Post2008 West Can Learn from Japan 1990-2005” （presentation,“Paradigm Lost
:Rethinking Economics and Politics” conference,Berlin,April 15,2012）,http://ineteconomics.org/conference/berlin/worldbalancesheetrecessionwhatpost2008westcanlearnjapan19902005.
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[8]有关使用直升机撒钱被引用最多的文献来自Milton Friedman：“The Optimum Quantity of Money,” in The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays （Chicago
:Aldine,1969）,1-50。
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[9]Ben Bernanke,“Japanese Monetary Policy:A Case of SelfInduced Paralysis”（paper,Princeton University,1999）.
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[10]Martin Wolf,“The Case for Helicopter Money,” Financial Times,February 12,2013.
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[11]Willem H.Buiter,“Helicopter Money
:Irredeemable Fiat Money and the Liquidity Trap; Or,Is Money Net Wealth after All?” （working paper,January 31,2004）,http://www.willembuiter.com/helinber.pdf.
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[12]Alan Boyce,Glenn Hubbard,Christopher Mayer,and James Witkin,“Streamlined Refinancings for Up to 13 Million Borrowers” （draft policy proposal,Columbia Business School,Columbia University,June 13,2012）,http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/sites/realestate/fi les/BHMWV15post.pdf.
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[13]Krugman,“It’s Baaack.”
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1703431247
[14]Christina Romer,“It Takes a Regime Shift
:Recent Developments in Japanese Monetary Policy through the Lens of the Great Depression” （speech,NBER Annual Conference on Macroeconomics,Cambridge,MA,April 12,2013）.
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1703431249
[15]Emi Nakamura and Jon Steinsson,“Fiscal Stimulus in a Monetary Union
:Evidence from U.S.Regions,” American Economic Review,forthcoming.
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1703431251
[16]Gabriel ChodorowReich,Laura Feiveson,Zachary Liscow,and William Gui Woolston,“Does State Fiscal Relief during Recessions Increase Employment?
:Evidence from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,” American Economic Journal
:Economic Policy 4 （2012）
:118-145; and Daniel Wilson,“Fiscal Spending Job Multipliers
:Evidence from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,” American Economic Journal
:Economic Policy,forthcoming.
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[17]Gauti Eggertsson and Paul Krugman,“Debt,Deleveraging,and the Liquidity Trap
:A FisherMinskyKoo Approach,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 127,no.3（2012）
:1469-513.
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[18]Paul Krugman,End This Depression Now! （New York
:Norton,2012）.
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[19]当然，也有一些政府支出用于本金减记的例子。最有名的就是我们在第10章讨论过的大萧条期间的房主贷款公司。
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[20]房产税是一个例外，但它仅占全部税收收入的0.6%。参见Center on Budget and Policy Priorities,“Where Do Federal Tax Revenues Come From?” April 12,2013,http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=3822。
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[21]HansWerner Sinn,“Why Berlin Is Balking on a Bailout,” New York Times,June 12,2012.
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[22]Atif Mian,Amir Sufi ,and Francesco Trebbi,“Resolving Debt Overhang
:Political Constraints in the Aftermath of Financial Crises,” American Economic Journal
:Macroeconomics,forthcoming.
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[23]同上。
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[24]这些都是Carmen Reinhart和Ken Rogoff所定义的金融危机。
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第12章
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[1]See Heidi Shierholz,Natalie Sabadish,and Nicholas Finio,“The Class of 2013
:Young Graduates Still Face Dim Job Prospects,” Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper 360 （2013）
:1-30.
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[2]See Federal Reserve Bank of New York,Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit,February 2013,http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/national_economy/householdcredit/DistrictReport_Q42012.pdf.
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[3]Andrew Martin and Andrew Lehren,“A Generation Hobbled by the Soaring Cost of College,” New York Times,May 12,2012.
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[4]Tara Siegel Bernard,“In Grim Job Market,Student Loans Are a Costly Burden,”New York Times,April 18,2009.
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[5]See Charley Stone,Carl Van Horn,and Cliff Zukin,“Chasing the American Dream
:Recent College Graduates and the Great Recession,” in Work Trends
:Americans’Attitudes about Work,Employers,and Government （Rutgers University,May 2012）,http://media.philly.com/documents/20120510_Chasing_American_Dream.pdf;and Meta Brown and Sydnee Caldwell,“Young Student Loan Borrowers Retreat from Housing and Auto Markets,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics Blog,April 17,2013,http://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2013/04/youngstudentloanborrowersretreatfromhousingandautomarkets.html.
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[6]Martin and Lehren,“A Generation Hobbled.”
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