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[7]IISS, The Military Balance 2013.Abingdon：Routledge for the IISS，2013，p.252.
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[8]在债主的催促下，英、德两国曾于1902年12月至1903年2月联手对委内瑞拉实施军事封锁。此外，在1923年，英国也曾为了保护在广州的债权人而出动舰队。
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[9]“The Geopolitical Impact of Internationalization of a Large Currency”，presentation by Deutsche Bank global strategist Peter Garber at the University of California San Diego，8 June 2012，available to watch at vimeo.com/44338726.
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[10]This categorisation is largely based on Benjamin J.Cohen，“The Macrofoundations of Monetary Power”，in David M.Andrews（ed.），International Monetary Power.Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2006，pp.31-50.
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[11]David M.Andrews，“Monetary Power and Monetary Statecraft”，in David M.Andrews（ed.），International Monetary Power, p.7；Barry Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege：The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System.New York：Oxford University Press，2011，pp.154-159.
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[12]Francis Gavin，“Ideas, Power, and the Politics of U.S.International Monetary Policy during the 1960s”，in Jonathan Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders：Ambiguous Economics, Ubiquitous Politics.Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2003，p.196.
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[13]See the Bundesbank’s archives, available at http：//www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Standardartikel/Topics/2013_01 18_blessing_letter.html.
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[14]Francis Gavin，“Ideas, Power, and the Politics of U.S.International Monetary Policy during the 1960s”，in Jonathan Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders：Ambiguous Economics, Ubiquitous Politics.Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2003，p.217.
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[15]Paul Volcker and Toyoo Gyohten, Changing Fortunes：The World’s Money and the Threat to American Leadership.New York：Random House，1992，p.61.
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[16]Harold James, International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods.Washington, DC：International Monetary Fund，1996，p.210，cited in Andrews（ed.），International Monetary Power.
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[17]Ibid.，p.148.
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[18]Ibid.，p.148.
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[19]Ibid.，p.271.
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[20]2013年第二季度，全球外汇储备总规模是11.4万亿美元，但其中占比45%的国家并未向IMF披露其外汇储备结构。
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[21]Arthur Kroeber，“China’s Global Currency：Lever for Financial Reform”，Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, Monograph Series, no.3，February 2013，p.56.
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[22]United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Committees，“International Monetary Fund Observations on the IMF’s Financial Operations”，Washington DC, September 1999，p.34；C.Fred Bergsten，“The International Monetary Fund and the National Interests of the United States”，testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress, Washington DC，24 February 1998，http：//www.iie.com/publications/testimony/testimony.cfm?ResearchID=307.
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[23]Jacques Rueff, Le péché monétaire de l’occident.Paris：Plon，1971.
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[24]Paul Taylor，“U.S.‘soft power’takes a hit over government shutdown”，Reuters，17 October 2013；“Dollar’s reserve role at risk from U.S.budget uncertainty-ECB’s Nowotny”，Reuters，12 October 2013.
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[25]Peter Garber，“The Geopolitical Impact of Internationalization of a Large Currency”.
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[26]Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege, p.134.
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[27]US Energy Information Administration, Saudi Arabia full report 26 February 2013，http：//www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=SA.
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[28]Benjamin J.Cohen，“The Benefits and Costs of an International Currency：Getting the Calculus Right”，Open Economies Review, vol.23，no.1，February 2012，P.16.
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[29]Kenneth Rogoff，“World is right to worry about US debt”，Financial Times，24 January 2013.
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[30]Adam Posen，“Why the Euro will Not Rival the Dollar”，International Finance, vol.11，no.1，Spring 2008，p.96.
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[31]伯南克的观点也获得了其他人的认同。时任英格兰银行行长默文·金就表示，随着资金纷纷流向西方，西方金融机构也开始“超常规”追求高风险高回报。
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