1703759051
1703759052
关于军官的帽子,参见Wheelock, Vermeer and the Art of Painting, p. 58。关于维米尔对地图的使用,见James Welu, “Vermeer: his Cartographic Sources”, The Art Bulletin 57: 4(Dec. 1975), pp. 529-47,以及Evangelos Livieratos and Alexandra Koussoulakou, “Vermeer’s Maps: A New Digital Look in an Old Master’s Mirror”, e-Perimetron 1: 2(Spring 2006), pp. 138-54。关于巴尔塔萨尔·范·伯肯罗德这一地图世家的早期面貌,见Edward Lynam, “Floris Balthasar, Dutch Map-Maker and His Sons”, Geographical Journal 67: 2(Feb. 1926), pp. 158-61。
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最早关于这场战斗的记载出自塞缪尔·尚普兰自己的记录,该记录首次出版于1613年,在1632年稍微修改后重版。英文版本中,1613年版见六卷本的H. P. Biggar, ed., The Works of Samuel de Champlain(Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1922), vol. 2, 1608-1613, pp. 65-107,修订内容见vol. 4, pp. 80-105,除开头部分以外,均在pp. 97-99。本章直接引用的尚普兰的记录均直接来自第2卷,但对原文稍作修改。关于1609年的战斗,详见Bruce Trigger, The Children of Aataensic: A History of the Huron People to 1660(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1976), ch. 4。有关尚普兰的最近的研究,参见Raymonde Litalien and Denis Vaugeois, eds., Käthe Roth trans., Champlain: The Birth of French America(Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004)。当我完成本书的时候,我高兴地发现在这套书中,Christian Morissonneau在《尚普兰的梦想》(Champlain’s Dream)一文中对尚普兰猜测的中国的位置,得出了和我一样的结论。
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1703759056
奥利佛·狄卡森认为1609年是白印关系史上转折点这一观点,见她的Canada’s First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992), p. 122。相反的观点,则可参照William John Eccles, The Canadian Frontier, 1534-1760(Histories of the American Frontier)(rev. ed., Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983), p. 25。
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1703759058
印第安语言及姓名基本参照Bruce Trigger and Wilcomb E. Washburn, eds., The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), vol. 1 North America。部落名称的语源,参照John Steckley, Beyond Their Years: Five Native Women’s Stories (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 1999), pp. 15-16, 63, 243-45。
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关于火绳枪的历史,见Carl Russell, Guns on the Early Frontiers: A History of Firearms from Colonial Times Through the Years of the Western Fur Trade(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), pp. 1-18。有关日本早期枪支的历史,见Noel Perrin, Giving Up the Gun: Japan’s Reversion to the Sword, 1543-1879(Boston: David Godine, 1979), pp. 5-31。关于日本购买荷兰枪支,见C. R. Boxer(谟区查),Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600-1850(The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1950), p. 26。
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1703759062
关于土著文化中用俘虏献祭,见Georg Friederici, Gabriel Nadeau, and Nathaniel Knowles, Scalping and Torture: Warfare Practices Among North American Indians (Ohsweken, Ont.: Iroqrafts, 1990) 。乔治·悉维的观点, 见Georges E. Sioui, For an Amerindian Autohistory: An Essay on the Foundations of a Social Ethic (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992), p. 52。
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关于尚普兰和休伦串珠,见Tehanetorens(Ray Fadden), “Wampum Belts of the Iroquois”(Onchiota: Six Nations Indian Museum, 1972; Ohsweken, Ont.: Iroqrafts, 1993), pp. 11, 59。
1703759065
1703759066
关于毛毡帽的历史,参见Hilda Amphlett, Hats: A History of Fashion in Headwear(London: Richard Sadler Ltd., 1974), pp. 106-109; Bernard Allaire, Pelleteries, manchons et chapeaux de castor: les fourrures nord-américaines à Paris 1500-1632(The Fur Trade, Muffs and Bearer Hats: North American Furs in Paris)(Québec: Septentrion, 1999)。关于皮毛贸易,见Harold Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956) ; Paul Phillips, The Fur Trade(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961) ; Raymond Fisher, The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943)。
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15世纪欧洲对自然生态的破坏,见David Levine, At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), pp. 153-55。
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伊丽莎白致中国皇帝的信,见上文提到的Morissonneau, “Champlain’s Dream”, p. 260。
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1703759072
尚普兰在1603年对咸水的寻找,见Works of Samuel de Champlain, vol. 1, pp. 156-62。
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1703759074
对尚普兰所绘地图的研究,见Conrad Heidenreich, Edward Dahl, “Samuel de Champlain’s Cartography,1603-32”,该文载于Champlain: The Birth of French America, pp. 312-32。亦见Christian Morissonneau, “Champlain’s Place-Names”, op. cit., pp. 218-29。
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1703759076
关于让·尼克雷(Jean Nicollet,亦作Jean Nicolet)抵达密歇根湖对面的绿湾这一通说,亦见于拙著《纵乐的困惑》的序言。但我现在修正这一说法,认为尼克雷不仅穿过密歇根湖,而且到达了尼皮贡湖。Gaétan Gervais论证了这一观点,见“Champlain and Ontario (1603-35)”,Champlain: The Birth of French America, p. 189。关于早期地图将绿湾称作皮安湾(Baye des Puans),见Derek Hayes, Historical Atlas of the United States(Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2006) , pp. 38, 41, 90, 92, 94。
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1703759078
关于与欧洲人接触之后,在温尼贝戈族人中间爆发的疫病,见Wilcomb Washburn, The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, vol. 1 , pt. 2, p. 409。
1703759079
1703759080
关于“非常漂亮的长袍,缝制、绣制在金布上”,见约翰·伊弗林记述1664年所见的The Diary of John Evelyn(Oxford: Claendon, 1955) ,vol. 2, pp. 460-61。
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1703759082
De la Franchise给尚普兰1603年的第一部自传题写的诗,载于Works of Samuel de Champlain, vol. 1, p. 86。
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1703759084
第三章 一盘水果
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关于“白狮”号的绝大部分材料都引自Groupe de Recherche Archéologique Sous-marine Post-médiévale(中世纪后期水下考古学研究会)的考古报告C. L. van der Pijl-Ketel, ed., The Ceramic Load of the ‘Witte Leeuw’(1613)(Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 1982)。胡椒的价格,参照Posthumus, Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland, vol. 1, p. 174。关于VOC的商船信息,见Bruijn, et al., Dutch-Asiatic Shipping, vol. 1, pp. 74, 86, 89, 91, 188, 192; vol. 2, pp. 12, 18, 22, 26; vol. 3, pp. 8, 12-13, 16-17。在网站www.vocsite.nl/schepen可以看到完整的荷兰东印度公司商船目录。
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1703759088
关于葡萄牙的克拉克船的列表,见A. R. Disney, Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 172。 Van der Pijl-Keter将“加尔默罗山圣母”号(Nossa Senhora do Monte da Carmo)写作Nossa Senhora de Conceição。
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关于荷兰海洋贸易,参见C. R. Boxer(谟区查), The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600-1800 (New York: Knopf, 1965), pp. 22-25; Kristof Glamann, Dutch-Asiatic Trade, 1620-1740 ( 1958; rev. ed., Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981), pp. 16-20,57-59, 112-18, 134, 153; Els Jacobs, In Pursuit of Pepper and Tea: The Story of the Dutch East India Company (Amsterdam: Netherlands Maritime Museum, 1991), pp. 11-12, 51-53, 73-74, 84-95; Dietmar Rothermund, Asian Trade and European Expansion in the Age of Mercantilism (New Delhi: Manohar, 1981), pp. 27-30, 以及Niels Steensgaard, The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seventeenth Century: The East India Companies and the Decline of the Caravan Trade (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 101-113。荷兰进口每年增加3%的数据,见Kevin O’Rourke, Jeffrey Williamson, “After Columbus: Explaining Europe’s Overseas Trade Boom, 1500-1600”, Journal of Economic History 62:2 (June 2002), p. 419。 “代尔夫特市徽”号的航程,见A. J. H. Latham, Heita Kawakatsu(川胜平太), eds., Japanese Industrialization and the Asian Economy(New York: Routledge, 1994), app. 2.1。有关这些航行产生的影响,见Violet Barbour, Capitalism in Amsterdam in the 17th Century(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963), pp. 35-41,以及Om Prakash, “Restrictive Trading Regimes: VOC and the Asian Spice Trade in the Seventeenth Century”, in Emporia, Commodities and Entrepreneurs in Asian Maritime Trade, c. 1400-1750, ed. Roderick Ptak and Dietmar Rothermund(Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1991), pp. 107-126。
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1703759092
1609年抵达日本的“红狮”号,见Boxer(谟区查), Jan Compagnie in Japan, p. 27。 关于两艘叫做“中国”号的船只,见Bruijn et al., Dutch Asiatic Shipping, vol. 2, pp. 22-23, 196。
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1703759094
关于荷兰瓷器进口的历史,见T. Volker, Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company, 1602-1682(Leiden: Brill, 1954); Maura Rinaldi, Kraak Porcelain: A Moment in the History of Trade (London: Bamboo, 1989); Christian J. A. Jörg, “Chinese Porcelain for the Dutch in the Seventeenth Century: Trading Networks and Private Enterprise”, in The Porcelains of Jingdezhen, ed. Rosemary Scott (London: Percival Foundation of Chinese Art, 1993), pp. 183-205,以及John Carswell, Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain Around the World(London: British Museum Press, 2000)。瓷器设计方面中国与波斯的互动,见Lisa Golombek, “Rhapsody in Blue-and-White”, Rotunda 36: 1 (Summer/Fa1l 2003), pp. 22-23。
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1703759096
欧洲瓷器生产的进步,参见Hugh Honour, Chinoiserie: The Vision of Cathay (New York: Harper & Row, 1961), pp. 103-5。
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1703759098
格劳秀斯相关的引用,引自《海洋自由论》[The Freedom of the Seas, trans. Ralph Van Deman Magoffin (Toronto: H. Milford, 1916), pp. 12-13],亦见Hamilton Vreeland, Hugo Grotius, the Father of the Modern Science of International Law(New York: Oxford University Press, 1917) , pp. 47-58。
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1608年订购瓷器一事,见Volker, Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company, p. 23。关于葡萄牙人定制中国出口的瓷器,见Rui Guedes, Companhia das Índias: porcelanas (Company of the Indies: Porcelains) (Lisbon: Bertrand, 1995)。“拿骚”号的船货,见展览于阿姆斯特丹海洋博物馆的“Cargo van twee Oost-Indische Shepen” [Cargo of Two East India (Company) Ships] (Amsterdam: Gerrit Jansz, 1640) 。
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