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第二章 换种方式描述计划，达成率提高15%
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1. Locke, E.A., & Latham, G.P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717.
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2. Elliot, A.J., & Church, M.A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,72(1), 218–232.
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3. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self- determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
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4. Externally generated goals are processed in the lateral prefrontal cortex; internal ones in the medial prefrontal cortex. Berkman, E., & Lieberman, M.D. (2009).The neuroscience of goal pursuit: Bridging gaps between theory and data. In G Moskowitz & H. Grant (Eds.), The Psychology of Goal (pp. 98–126). New York: Guilford Press.
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5. Peter Gollwitzer has led much of the research on implementation intentions, as“when-then” statements are known. A key reference is Gollwitzer, P.M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997). Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 186–199. Also: Vallacher, R.R., & Wegner,D.M. (1987). What do people think they’re doing? Action identification and human behavior. Psychological Review, 94(1), 3–15; Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110(3), 403–421.
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6. Grant Halvorson, H. (2014). Get your team to do what it says it’s going to do. Harvard Business Review, May.
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第三章 坚持目标的三种思维工具
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1. Quote from Collins, J. (2001). Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap — and Others Don’t. New York: HarperBusiness.
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2. Oettingen, G. (2014). Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science o Motivation. New York: Penguin Random House.
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3. Collins, A., & Loftus, E. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428.
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4. This is known as Hebb’s Rule. For the original reference, see: Hebb, D.O. (1949).The Organization of Behavio. New York: Wiley & Sons.
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5. Kay, A.C., Wheeler, S.C., Bargh, J.A., & Ross, L. (2004). Material priming: Th influence of mundane physical objects on situational construal and competitiv behavioral choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 95(1),83–96.
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6. Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2003). The silence of the library: Environment situational norm, and social behavior. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology,84(1), 18–28.
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7. Adam, H., & Galinsky, A.D. (2012). Enclothed cognition. Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 918–925.
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8. Taking a short walk in open or green space seems mentally refreshing for many of us. Berman, M.G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008). The cognitive benefits of -teracting with nature. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1207–1212. Oppezzo, M., &Schwartz, D. L. (2014). Give your ideas some legs: The positive effect of walki on creative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(4), 1142–1152.
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9. Kosslyn, S.M. (2005). Mental images and the brain. Cognitive Neuropsychology,22(3–4), 333–347.
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10. Pascual-Leone, A., Nguyet, D., Cohen, L.G., Brasil-Neto, J.P., Cammarota, A.,& Hallett, M. (1995). Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills.Journal ofNeurophysiology, 74(3), 1037–1045.
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第二节 效率课
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1. Schor, J. (2003). The (even more) overworked American. In J. De Graaf (Ed.) Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America (p. 7). San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler.
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2. For example, the large- sample Whitehall study found a robust relationship between longer working hours (beyond forty hours a week) and lower scores on verbal and reasoning tests: Virtanen, M., et al. (2009). Long working hours and cognitive function: The Whitehall II Study.American Journal of Epidemiology,169(5), 596–605. The OECD also published data showing a negative relationship between average national levels of productivity and working hours between 1990 and 2012. Accessible at http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=LEVEL#.
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第四章 事情一多就手忙脚乱？试试一心专用
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1. Dux, P.E., Ivanoff, J., Asplund, C.L., & Marois, R. (2006). Isolation of a cetral bottleneck of information processing with time-resolved fMRI. Neuron, 52(6),1109–1120. In fact, other researchers found that longer interruptions increased the error rate further — while a two- second break in concentration doubled the error rate, a four- second distraction tripled it: Altmann, E.M., Trafton, J.G., & Habrick, D.Z. (2014). Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 215–226.
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