1704343380
1704343381
第三章 坚持目标的三种思维工具
1704343382
1704343383
1. Quote from Collins, J. (2001). Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap — and Others Don’t. New York: HarperBusiness.
1704343384
1704343385
2. Oettingen, G. (2014). Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science o Motivation. New York: Penguin Random House.
1704343386
1704343387
3. Collins, A., & Loftus, E. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428.
1704343388
1704343389
4. This is known as Hebb’s Rule. For the original reference, see: Hebb, D.O. (1949).The Organization of Behavio. New York: Wiley & Sons.
1704343390
1704343391
5. Kay, A.C., Wheeler, S.C., Bargh, J.A., & Ross, L. (2004). Material priming: Th influence of mundane physical objects on situational construal and competitiv behavioral choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 95(1),83–96.
1704343392
1704343393
6. Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2003). The silence of the library: Environment situational norm, and social behavior. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology,84(1), 18–28.
1704343394
1704343395
7. Adam, H., & Galinsky, A.D. (2012). Enclothed cognition. Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 918–925.
1704343396
1704343397
8. Taking a short walk in open or green space seems mentally refreshing for many of us. Berman, M.G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008). The cognitive benefits of -teracting with nature. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1207–1212. Oppezzo, M., &Schwartz, D. L. (2014). Give your ideas some legs: The positive effect of walki on creative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(4), 1142–1152.
1704343398
1704343399
9. Kosslyn, S.M. (2005). Mental images and the brain. Cognitive Neuropsychology,22(3–4), 333–347.
1704343400
1704343401
10. Pascual-Leone, A., Nguyet, D., Cohen, L.G., Brasil-Neto, J.P., Cammarota, A.,& Hallett, M. (1995). Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills.Journal ofNeurophysiology, 74(3), 1037–1045.
1704343402
1704343403
第二节 效率课
1704343404
1704343405
1. Schor, J. (2003). The (even more) overworked American. In J. De Graaf (Ed.) Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America (p. 7). San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler.
1704343406
1704343407
2. For example, the large- sample Whitehall study found a robust relationship between longer working hours (beyond forty hours a week) and lower scores on verbal and reasoning tests: Virtanen, M., et al. (2009). Long working hours and cognitive function: The Whitehall II Study.American Journal of Epidemiology,169(5), 596–605. The OECD also published data showing a negative relationship between average national levels of productivity and working hours between 1990 and 2012. Accessible at http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=LEVEL#.
1704343408
1704343409
1704343410
1704343411
第四章 事情一多就手忙脚乱？试试一心专用
1704343412
1704343413
1. Dux, P.E., Ivanoff, J., Asplund, C.L., & Marois, R. (2006). Isolation of a cetral bottleneck of information processing with time-resolved fMRI. Neuron, 52(6),1109–1120. In fact, other researchers found that longer interruptions increased the error rate further — while a two- second break in concentration doubled the error rate, a four- second distraction tripled it: Altmann, E.M., Trafton, J.G., & Habrick, D.Z. (2014). Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 215–226.
1704343414
1704343415
2. Speier, C., Valacich, J.S., & Vessey, I. (1999). The influence of task interrupti on individual decision making: An information overload perspective. Decision Sciences, 30(2), 337–360.
1704343416
1704343417
3. Iqbal, S.T., & Horvitz, E. (2007). Disruption and recovery of computing tasks
:Field study, analysis, and directions. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, San Jose, California.
1704343418
1704343419
4. Tombu, M.N., Asplund, C.L., Dux, P.E., Godwin, D., Martin, J.W., & Marois,R.(2011). A unified attentional bottleneck in the human brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(33), 13426–13431.
1704343420
1704343421
5. Bailey, B.P., & Konstan, J.A. (2006). On the need for attention- aware systems
:Measuring effects of interruption on task performance, error rate, and affecti state. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(4), 685–708.
1704343422
1704343423
6. I’m defining “serious” crashes as those where someone was injured; 18 percen of these involved a distracted driver. Traffic Safety FactResearch Note (Summary ofStatistical Findings) (2014). DOT HS 812 012. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812012.pdf.
1704343424
1704343425
7. Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A.D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583–15587.
1704343426
1704343427
8. Sanbonmatsu, D.M., Strayer, D.L., Medeiros-Ward, N., & Watson, J.M. (2013).Who multi-tasks and why? Multi-tasking ability, perceived multi-tasking ability,impulsivity, and sensation seeking. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e54402.
1704343428
1704343429
9. For an example of the way that typical “time of day” advice fails to apply equally to larks and owls, see: Gunia, B.C., Barnes, C.M., & Sah, S. (2014). The morality o larks and owls: Unethical behavior depends on chronotype as well as time of day.Psychological Science, 25(12), 2272–2274. They were responding to widely reporte findings that people are more moral in the mornings. That turns out to be true f morning people; for nighttime folks, it’s the opposite.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70434338e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]