1704424585
如果一个种群在受到干扰之后，并假设该干扰不是很大，自然选择将其遗传组成恢复到原来的状态，那么我们就说这个种群处于一个“演化稳定的状态”之中。这样的一个种群可以是遗传同态的，也可以是遗传多态的。
1704424586
1704424587
“ESS”或称“演化稳定策略”是指这样一个策略，如果整个种群的每一个成员都采取这个策略，那么不存在一个具有突变特征的策略能够侵犯这个种群。对于扩展的全面树敌模型，一个ESS必须满足条件（2.4a，b）。关于这个定义有两点需要我们注意：第一点，如果稳定性要求存在一个有纯策略构成的混合策略，那么个体必须采取这一个合适的混合策略，一个遗传多态的种群可能处于一种演化稳定状态，但是严格地说，没有一个个体采取了ESS；第二点，我更喜欢把ESS定义为一个不可侵犯的策略，而不把它看作一个满足某些特定数学条件的策略。但是，在某些情形中，把ESS看成任何满足条件（2.4a，b）的策略将是十分方便的。我希望在正文的论述中能够澄清在使用这一术语时其背后的含义。
1704424588
1704424589
1704424590
1704424591
1704424593
演化与博弈论 参考文献
1704424594
1704424595
Abegglen, j. -j. (1976). On socialization in hamadryas baboons. Ph. D Thesis, University of Zurich.
1704424596
1704424597
Alcock, J. , Jones, C. E. & Buckman, S. L. (1977). Male nesting strategies in the bee Centris pallida Fox (Anthophoridae: Hymenoptera). Am. Nat. 111, 145-55.
1704424598
1704424599
Andersson, M. (1980). Why are there so many threat displays? J. theor. Biol. 86, 773-81.
1704424600
1704424601
Axelrod, R. (1981). The emergence of cooperation among egoists. Am. political Sci. Rev. (in press).
1704424602
1704424603
Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211, 1390-6.
1704424604
1704424605
Bachmann, C. & Kummer, H. (1980). Male assessment of female choice in hamadryas baboons. Behav. ecol Sociobiol. 6, 315-21.
1704424606
1704424607
Baker, M. C. (1978). Flocking and feeding in the great tit Parus major—an important consideration. Am. Nat. 112, 779-81.
1704424608
1704424609
Baker, R. R. (1972). Territorial behaviour of the nymphalid butterflies, Aglais urticae (L.) and Inachis io (L.). J. AnOn. Ecol. 41, 453-69.
1704424610
1704424611
Baldwin, B. A. & Meese, G. B. (1979). Social behaviour in pigs studied by means of operant conditioning. Anita. Behav. 27, 947-57.
1704424612
1704424613
Balph, M. H. & Balph, D. F. (1979). On the relationship between plumage variability and social behaviour in wintering pine siskins (Carduelis pinus). Paper presented at XVlth International Ethological Conference.
1704424614
1704424615
Balph, M. H. , Balph, D. F. & Romesburg, H. C. (1979). Social status signalling in winter flocking birds: an examination of a current hypothesis. The Auk, 96, 78-93.
1704424616
1704424617
Barnard, C. J. & Sibly, R. M. (1981). Producers andscroungers: a general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows. Anita. Behav. 29, 543-50.
1704424618
1704424619
Bateman, A. J. (1948). lntra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349-68.
1704424620
1704424621
Bertram, B. C. R. (1976). Kin selection in lions and in evolution. In Growing Points in Ethology, ed. P. P. G. Bateson & R. A. Hinde, pp. 281-301. Cambridge University Press.
1704424622
1704424623
Birky, C. W. (1978). Transmission genetics of mitochondria and chloroplasts. A. Rev. Genet. 12, 471-512.
1704424624
1704424625
Bishop, D. T. & Cannings, C. (1978). A generalised war of attrition. J. theor. Biol. 70, 85-124.
1704424626
1704424627
Bishop, D. T, Cannings, C, & Maynard Smith, J. (1978), The war of atti’ition with random rewards. J. thecr. Biol. 74, 377-88.
1704424628
1704424629
Brockmann, H. J. & Dawkins, R, (1979). Joint nesting in a digger wasp as an evolutionarily stable preadaptation to social life. Behaviour, 71, 203-45.
1704424630
1704424631
Broekmann, H. J. , Grafen, A. & Dawkins, R. (1979). Evolutionarily stable nesting strategy in a digger wasp. J. theor. BioL 77, 473-96.
1704424632
1704424633
Bruning, D. F. (1973). The greater rhea chick and egg delivery route. Nat. Hist, 82, 68-75.
1704424634
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.704424585e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]