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极简GDP史 注释
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前言：要命的数字，GDP如何影响人们的生活
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1.“Greece’s Statistics Chief Faces Criminal Probe，”Financial Times，27 November 2011；“Greek Statistics Chief Faces Charges over Claims of Inflated 2009 Deficit Figure，”Ekathimerini. com，22 January 2013，http：//www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_22/01/2013_479717；“N umbers Game Turns Nasty for Greek Stats Chief，”Reuters，14 March 2013，http：//uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/14/uk-greece-stats-insight-idUKBRE92D0AW20130314.Both accessed 15 March 2013.
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2.“Report on Greek Government Debt and Deficit Statistics，”European Commission, January 2010. By 2008，Greece had become the world’s fifth biggest importer of military equipment.
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3.See Tim Harford，“Look Out for Number 1，”http：//timharford.com/2011/09/look-out-for-no-1/；Andrew McCullogh，“Beware of Greeks Bearing Stats，”Significance, http：//www.significancemagazine.org/details/webexclusive/1406899/Beware-of-Greeks-bearing-stats-Debt-statistics-and-Benfords-Law.html；and“The Curious Case of Benford’s Law，”WolframAlpha Blog，13 December 2010，http：//blog.wolframalpha.com/2010/12/13/the-curious-case-of-benfords-law/.Benford’s Law applies to many types of data where the entries span several orders of magnitude from units and tens to millions and billions, not just economic statistics.Belgium’s data also fail to conform, whereas statistics from Italy, Portugal, and Spain satisfy the law.
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4.J.Steven Landefeld，“GDP：One of the Great Inventions of the 20thCentury，”in Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, January 2000，http：//www.bea.gov/scb/account_articles/general/0100od/maintext.htm.
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第1章：战争与萧条，GDP的诞生
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1.Frits Bos，“Uses of National Accounts：History, International Standardization and Applications in the Netherlands，”MPRA Paper no.9387，30 June 2008，http：//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9387/.Accessed 1 August 2012.
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2.Benjamin H.Mitra-Kahn，“Redefining the Economy：How the‘Economy’Was Invented，1620”（Ph.D.dissertation, City University London，2011），http：//openaccess.city.ac.uk/1276/.Accessed 3 August 2012.
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3.Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations（first published 1776），book II, chap.3.
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4.Geoff Tily，“John Maynard Keynes and the Development of National Accounts in Britain，1895-1941，”Review of Income and Wealth 55，no.2（2009）：331-359.
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5.Angus Maddison, The World Economy：Historical Statistics（Paris：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，2003），preface.
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6.Joined by the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
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7.See Robert William Fogel, Enid M.Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte, Political Arithmetic：Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics（Chicago：University of Chicago Press，2013）.
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8.Jim Lacey, Keep from All Thoughtful Men：How US EconomistsWon World War II（Annapolis：Naval Institute Press，2011），43.
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9.Cited in Mitra-Kahn，“Redefning the Economy.”
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10.Richard Stone, The Role of Measurement in Economics（Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1951），43.
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11.Carol S.Carson，“The History of the United States National Income and Product Accounts：The Development of an Analytical Tool，”Review of Income and Wealth 21（1975）：153-181.
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12.Lacey, Keep from All Thoughtful Men，47.
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13.Richard Kane，“Measures and Motivations：U.S.National Income and Product Estimates during the Great Depression and World War II，”Munich Working Paper, February 2012，http：//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44336/.Accessed 27 March 2013.
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14.J.M.Keynes, How to Pay for the War（frst pub.1940），reprinted in Essays in Persuasion（Basingstoke：Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society，1989）.
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15.Quoted in J.Steven Landefeld，“GDP：One of the Great Inventions of the 20th Century，”in Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of CurrentBusiness, January 2000，http：//www.bea.gov/scb/account_articles/general/0100od/maintext.htm.
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16.http：//www.oecd.org/general/themarshallplanspeechatharvardu niversity5june1947.htm.Accessed 21 January 2013.
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17.Twenty-three billion in 1952 dollars.See Stephen Lewarne and David Snelbecker，“Economic Governance in War Torn Economies：Lessons Learned from the Marshall Plan to the Reconstruction of Iraq，”USAID report, December 2004，http：//www.oecd.org/derec/unitedstates/36144028.pdf.Accessed 21 January 2013.
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18.Now part of Global Insight, http：//www.ihs.com/products/global-insight/index.aspx?pu=1＆rd=globalinsight_com.I worked for DRI’s London office for two years in the late 1980s, as an economic forecaster.