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1704427881
19.Olivier Blanchard and Daniel Leigh,“Growth Forecast Errors and Fiscal Multipliers,”IMF Working Paper 13/1,January 2013,http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp1301.pdf.Accessed 15 January 2013.See also G.Corsetti,“What Determines Government Spending Multipliers,”IMF Working Paper,2012,http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2012/wp12150.pdf.Accessed 28 March 2013.
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1704427883
20.Stone, The Role of Measurement in Economics,9.
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1704427885
21.Fran Cois is Lequiller and Derek Blades, Understanding National Accounts(Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,2006).
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1704427887
22.Good introductions to the detail are J.Steven Landefeld, Eugene P.Seskin, and Barbara M.Fraumeni,“Taking the Pulse of the Economy:Measuring GDP,”Journal of Economic Perspectives 22,no.2(2008):193-216;Carlos M.Gutierrez et al.,“Measuring the Economy:A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts,”Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.Department of Commerce, September 2007,http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipa_primer.pdf;and Lequiller and Blades, Understanding National Accounts.
1704427888
1704427889
23.Landefeld et al.,“Taking the Pulse of the Economy.”
1704427890
1704427891
24.Wikipedia lists the main formulas:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas.
1704427892
1704427893
25.Xan Rice,“Nigeria Statistics Chief Has Almost Figured Out the Economy,”Financial Times,22 May 2013.
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1704427895
26.http://paris21.org/nsds-status.Accessed 7 January 2013.
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1704427897
27.Alwyn Young,“The African Growth Miracle,”LSE Working Paper,2009,http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33928/.
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1704427899
28.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marcelo-giugale/fix-africasstatistics_b_2324936.html.18 December 2012.Accessed 7 January 2013.See also Morten Jerven,“Poor Numbers!What Do We Know about Income and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?”School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, http://www.cgdev.org/doc/17-NOV-CGD-Poor 20Numbers-Jerven.pdf.
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1704427901
29.Young,“The African Growth Miracle.”
1704427902
1704427903
30.Maddison, The World Economy,79.
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1704427905
31.“Toward a More Accurate Measure of the Cost of Living,”4 December1996,http://www. ssa.gov/history/reports/boskinrpt.html.Accessed 15 January 2013.See also Robert J.Gordon,“The Boskin Commission Reportand Its Aftermath,”http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/economics/gordon/346.html.Accessed 15 January 2013.
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1704427907
32.Quoted in The Guardian,3 December 2006,http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/dec/03/past.interviews.Accessed 28 March 2013.
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1704427909
33.Lequiller and Blades, Understanding National Accounts,98.
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1704427911
第2章:经济刺激,GDP的狂飙
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1704427913
1.J.M.Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace(New York:Harcourt, Brace and Howe,1920),chapter 6.
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1704427915
2.All these growth fgures are from Angus Maddison, The World Economy:A Millennial Perspective(Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,2000).
1704427916
1704427917
3.F.Janossy, The End of the Economic Miracle(White Plains, NY:International Arts and Sciences Press,1969).
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1704427919
4.Brilliantly evoked in Francis Spufford, Red Plenty(London:Faber,2010).
1704427920
1704427921
5.Frits Bos“Uses of National Accounts:History, International Standardization and Applications in the Netherlands,”MPRA Paper no.9387,30 June 2008,http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9387/,29.Accessed 1 August 2012.
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1704427923
6.Nicholas Oulton,“The Wealth and Poverty of Nations:True PPPs for 141 Countries,”Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, March 2010.
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1704427925
7.Robert H.Wade,“Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality?”World Development 32,no.4(2004):567-589.
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8.Ibid.
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9.Surjut Bhalla,“World Bank—Peddling Poverty,”BusinessStandard,22 December 2007,http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/surjit-s-bhalla-world-bank-peddling-poverty-107122201086_1.html.Accessed 23 March 2013.
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