1704427854
1704427855
6.Joined by the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
1704427856
1704427857
7.See Robert William Fogel, Enid M.Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte, Political Arithmetic：Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics（Chicago：University of Chicago Press，2013）.
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1704427859
8.Jim Lacey, Keep from All Thoughtful Men：How US EconomistsWon World War II（Annapolis：Naval Institute Press，2011），43.
1704427860
1704427861
9.Cited in Mitra-Kahn，“Redefning the Economy.”
1704427862
1704427863
10.Richard Stone, The Role of Measurement in Economics（Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1951），43.
1704427864
1704427865
11.Carol S.Carson，“The History of the United States National Income and Product Accounts：The Development of an Analytical Tool，”Review of Income and Wealth 21（1975）：153-181.
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1704427867
12.Lacey, Keep from All Thoughtful Men，47.
1704427868
1704427869
13.Richard Kane，“Measures and Motivations：U.S.National Income and Product Estimates during the Great Depression and World War II，”Munich Working Paper, February 2012，http：//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44336/.Accessed 27 March 2013.
1704427870
1704427871
14.J.M.Keynes, How to Pay for the War（frst pub.1940），reprinted in Essays in Persuasion（Basingstoke：Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society，1989）.
1704427872
1704427873
15.Quoted in J.Steven Landefeld，“GDP：One of the Great Inventions of the 20th Century，”in Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of CurrentBusiness, January 2000，http：//www.bea.gov/scb/account_articles/general/0100od/maintext.htm.
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1704427875
16.http：//www.oecd.org/general/themarshallplanspeechatharvardu niversity5june1947.htm.Accessed 21 January 2013.
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1704427877
17.Twenty-three billion in 1952 dollars.See Stephen Lewarne and David Snelbecker，“Economic Governance in War Torn Economies：Lessons Learned from the Marshall Plan to the Reconstruction of Iraq，”USAID report, December 2004，http：//www.oecd.org/derec/unitedstates/36144028.pdf.Accessed 21 January 2013.
1704427878
1704427879
18.Now part of Global Insight, http：//www.ihs.com/products/global-insight/index.aspx?pu=1＆rd=globalinsight_com.I worked for DRI’s London office for two years in the late 1980s, as an economic forecaster.
1704427880
1704427881
19.Olivier Blanchard and Daniel Leigh，“Growth Forecast Errors and Fiscal Multipliers，”IMF Working Paper 13/1，January 2013，http：//www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp1301.pdf.Accessed 15 January 2013.See also G.Corsetti，“What Determines Government Spending Multipliers，”IMF Working Paper，2012，http：//www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2012/wp12150.pdf.Accessed 28 March 2013.
1704427882
1704427883
20.Stone, The Role of Measurement in Economics，9.
1704427884
1704427885
21.Fran Cois is Lequiller and Derek Blades, Understanding National Accounts（Paris：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，2006）.
1704427886
1704427887
22.Good introductions to the detail are J.Steven Landefeld, Eugene P.Seskin, and Barbara M.Fraumeni，“Taking the Pulse of the Economy：Measuring GDP，”Journal of Economic Perspectives 22，no.2（2008）：193-216；Carlos M.Gutierrez et al.，“Measuring the Economy：A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts，”Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.Department of Commerce, September 2007，http：//www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipa_primer.pdf；and Lequiller and Blades, Understanding National Accounts.
1704427888
1704427889
23.Landefeld et al.，“Taking the Pulse of the Economy.”
1704427890
1704427891
24.Wikipedia lists the main formulas：http：//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas.
1704427892
1704427893
25.Xan Rice，“Nigeria Statistics Chief Has Almost Figured Out the Economy，”Financial Times，22 May 2013.
1704427894
1704427895
26.http：//paris21.org/nsds-status.Accessed 7 January 2013.
1704427896
1704427897
27.Alwyn Young，“The African Growth Miracle，”LSE Working Paper，2009，http：//eprints.lse.ac.uk/33928/.
1704427898
1704427899
28.http：//www.huffingtonpost.com/marcelo-giugale/fix-africasstatistics_b_2324936.html.18 December 2012.Accessed 7 January 2013.See also Morten Jerven，“Poor Numbers！What Do We Know about Income and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?”School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, http：//www.cgdev.org/doc/17-NOV-CGD-Poor 20Numbers-Jerven.pdf.
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1704427901
29.Young，“The African Growth Miracle.”
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1704427903
30.Maddison, The World Economy，79.
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