打字猴:1.7045116e+09
1704511600
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1704511645 [1]本文发表于《中国社会科学季刊》(香港),1995年第6期。本文及其更早的一个草稿曾分别在加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)中国研究中心召开的“社会主义农业体制转型:苏联、东欧与中国”讨论会(上海,1993年8月)和中国农业部农村研究中心召开的“90年代中国农村改革和发展”讨论会(北京,1993年12月)上发表。作者感谢上述两个中心的邀请,感谢麦克阿瑟基金会和福特基金会对作者参加这两次会议的财务支持。会议的讨论使作者得益匪浅,特别要感谢杜润生、黄宗智、白凯(Kathryn Bernhardt)、陈锡文、杜鹰、林毅夫、刘守英和龚启圣的评论和建议。在写作和修改的过程中,与宋国青、崔之元和罗小朋的多次讨论,对作者最为重要。当然文中的论点仍由作者自己而不是由上述任何机构或个人负责。
1704511646
1704511647 [2]这主要是指科斯(1937,1960),阿尔钦和德姆塞茨(1972),张五常(1969a,b)和诺斯(1973,1981,1990)等人的工作。这方面的主要文献近年已被盛洪、陈郁(1990),刘守英等(1991)和陈郁、罗华平等(1991)译成中文。杨小凯的文章(1993)介绍了产权经济学及其数学模型的最近进展和他本人在这方面的工作成果。新制度经济学中的另一个学派即“不完全信息学派”批评上述“交易费用学派”不足之处的文章,可看普拉纳布·巴丹(Pranab Bardhan,1990)。
1704511648
1704511649 [3]科斯(1937,1960)提出的交易费用概念挑战了新古典经济学一些似乎不言自明的假设,中心是维持一个充分竞争市场的制度费用为零。结果,正如舒尔茨(1953)尖锐批评的:“经济学家的观点常常给人这样一种印象,好像只要有市场,企业和家庭就足以实现经济系统的运行。”
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