1704513970 [3]Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton,“High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but Not Emotional Well-Being,”Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences107, no. 38（2010）:16489 -16493.

1704513971

1704513972 [4]关于发展指标的关键内容，可以参见Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen, and Jean Fitoussi,“Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress,” CMEPSP, Paris, 2009, https: // www. uio. no/ studier/ emner/ sv/oekonomi/ ECON4270/ h09/ Report%20in%20English. pdf.

1704513973

1704513974 [5]See Robert Solow,“A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics70, no. 1（1956）:65 -94.

1704513975

1704513976 [6]罗默发展出了一种不包含创造性破坏的创新引领增长模型。See Paul Romer,“Endogenous Technological Change,”JournalofPoliticalEconomy98, no. 5（1990）:71 -102.对于从索洛模型到熊彼特模型的增长理论综述，可参考下列文献: Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman,InnovationandGrowthintheGlobalEconomy（Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991）; Elhanen Helpman, ed. ,General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth（Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1998）; Charles I. Jones,IntroductiontoEconomicGrowth（New York: W. W.Norton, 1998）; Robert J. Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin,EconomicGrowth（New York: McGraw Hill, 1995）; Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt,EndogenousGrowthTheory（Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998）; Daron Acemoglu,IntroductiontoModernEconomicGrowth（Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009）; Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt,TheEconomicsofGrowth（Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,2009）; and Philippe Aghion, Ufuk Akcigit, and Peter Howitt,“What Do We Learn from Schumpeterian Growth Theory?” inHandbookofEconomicGrowth, ed. Philippe Aghion and Steven Durlauf, vol. 2,515 -563（Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2014）.最新的熊彼特模型版本纳入了企业的动态作用；最早由Tor Jakob Klette与Samuel Kortum提出，参见Tor J. Klette and Samuel Kortum,“Innovating Firms and Aggregate Innovation,”JournalofPoliticalEconomy112, no. 5（2004）:986 -1018;后续研究做了进一步发展，尤其是Ufuk Akcigit及其合作者的成果。

1704513977

1704513978 [7]该模型于1987—1988学年在麻省理工学院提出，当时阿吉翁刚担任助理教授，彼得·豪伊特（Peter Howitt）从加拿大西大略大学来此做访问学者。Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt, “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction,”Econometrica60, no. 2（1992）:323 -351; Aghion, Akcigit,and Howitt,“What Do We Learn from Schumpeterian Growth Theory?”

1704513979

1704513980 [8]Raghuram G. Rajan and Luigi Zingales,SavingCapitalismfromtheCapitalists: Unleashing the Power of Financial Markets to Create Wealth and Spread Opportunity（New York: Crown Business, 2003）.

1704513981

1704513982 [9]这里无法全面介绍用专利来测算创新的大量相关文献，我们想提到该领域的若干先驱人物，例如Pierre Azoulay、Ian Cockburn、Zvi Griliches、Bronwyn Hall、Dietmar Harhoff、Adam Jaffe、Jacques Mairesse、Ariel Pakes、Mark Schankerman、Otto Toivanen、Manuel Trajtenberg、Reinhilde Veugelers等，感兴趣的读者可以去他们的网页上深入了解。

1704513983

1704513984 [10]U. Akcigit, J. Grigsby, and T. Nicholas,“The Rise of American Ingenuity:Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age” （NBER Working Paper No. 23047,National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, January 2017）.

1704513985

1704513986 [11]人们或许怀疑这一相关性是偶然形成，但在Akcigit、Grigsby和Nicholas的文章“The Rise of American Ingenuity”中，他们从历史数据发现，创新与增长之间确实具有因果关系。

1704513987

1704513988 [12]J. Haltiwanger, R. S. Jarmin, and J. Miranda,“Who Creates Jobs? Small versus Large versus Young,”ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics95, no. 2（2013）:347 -361.

1704513989

1704513990 [13]读者可以参考Steve Davis、John Haltiwanger及其合作者关于企业和就业的创造与破坏的开创性研究文献。See, for example, S. J. Davis and J. Haltiwanger,“Measuring Gross Worker and Job Flows,” inLaborStatisticsMeasurementIssues,ed. J. Haltiwanger, M. E. Manser, and R. Topel, 77 -122（Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998）; S. J. Davis and J. Haltiwanger“Gross Job Flows,” inHandbookofLaborEconomics, ed. O. Ashenfelter and D. Card, vol. 3B, 2711 -2805（Amsterdam: Elsevier/ North-Holland, 1999）; Haltiwanger, Jarmin, and Miranda,“Who Creates Jobs?”; R. Decker, J. Haltiwanger, R. Jarmin, and J. Miranda,“The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism,”JournalofEconomicPerspectives28, no. 3（2014）:3 -24;S. J. Davis and J. Haltiwanger,“Labor Market Fluidity and Economic Performance”（NBER Working Paper No. 20479, National Bureau of Economic Research,Cambridge, MA, September 2014）.

1704513991

1704513992 [14]U. Akcigit and W. R. Kerr,“Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations,”JournalofPoliticalEconomy126, no. 4（2018）:1374 -1443.

1704513993

1704513994 [15]C. T. Hsieh and P. J. Klenow,“The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico,”Quarterly Journal of Economics129, no. 3（2014）:1035 -1084.

1704513995

1704513996 [16]P. Aghion, A. Bergeaud, T. Boppart, and S. Bunel, “Firm Dynamics and Growth Measurement in France,”Journal of the European Economic Association16, no. 4（2018）:933 -956.

1704513997

1704513998 [17]A. Maddison,The World Economy:A Millennial Perspective, Development Centre Studies（Paris: OECD, 2001）.

1704513999

1704514000 [18]See R. Blundell, R. Griffith, and J. Van Reenen,“Dynamic Count Models of Technological Innovation,”EconomicJournal105, no. 429（1995）:333 -344;R. Blundell, R. Griffith, and J. Van Reenen,“Market Share, Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms,”ReviewofEconomicStudies66, no. 3（1999）:529 -554; and S. J. Nickell, “Competition and Corporate Performance,”JournalofPoliticalEconomy104, no. 4（1996）:724 -746.

1704514001

1704514002 [19]A. Hansen,“Economic Progress and Declining Population Growth,” presidential address, American Economic Association, December 28,1938,AmericanEconomicReview29, no. 1（1939）:1 -15.

1704514003

1704514004 [20]L. Summers, presentation at the IMF Economic Forum: Policy Responses to Crises, 14th Jacques Polak Annual Research Conference, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, November 9,2013.

1704514005

1704514006 [21]R. Gordon,TheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth（Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016）.

1704514007

1704514008 [22]S. Baslandze,“The Role of the IT Revolution in Knowledge Diffusion, Innovation and Reallocation,”2016 Meeting Papers No. 1509, Society for Economic Dynamics, 2016.

1704514009

1704514010 [23]A. B. Atkinson, T. Piketty, and E. Saez,“Top Incomes in the Long Run of History,”JournalofEconomicLiterature49, no. 1（2011）:3 -71; T. Piketty,CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury（Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014）.

1704514011

1704514012 [24]P. Aghion, U. Akcigit, A. Bergeaud, R. Blundell, and D. Hémous,“Innovation and Top Income Inequality,”ReviewofEconomicStudies86, no. 1（2019）:1 -45.

1704514013

1704514014 [25]J. Williamson,“What Washington Means by Policy Reform,” inLatinAmericanAdjustment:HowMuchHasHappened? ed. J. Williamson, vol. 1,90 -120（Washington, DC: Institution for International Economics, 1990）.

1704514015

1704514016 [26]R. Hausmann, D. Rodrik, and A. Velasco,“Growth Diagnostics,” inTheWashington Consensus Reconsidered: Towardsa New Global Governance, ed. N. Serra and E. Stiglitz, 324 -355（Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008）.

1704514017

1704514018 [27]Raghuram G. Rajan and Luigi Zingales,“The Great Reversals: The Politics of Financial Development in the 20th Century,”JournalofFinancialEconomics69, no. 1（2003）:5 -50.

1704514019

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