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10 罗伯特·戈登认为1870—1970年是美国历史上的“特殊世纪”。（2016, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War [Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press]）
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11 S. Landsberg, 2007, “A Brief History of Economic Time,” Wall Street Journal, June 9.
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12 E. Hobsbawm, 1968, Industry and Empire: From 1750 to the Present Day (New York: New Press), chap. 3, Kindle.
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13 霍布斯鲍姆认为1789—1848年是“双革命”年代。（1962, The Age of Revo–lution: Europe 1789–1848 [London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson], preface, Kindle.）这个名词是由法国革命的政治变革与工业革命的技术变革两者结合而成的。
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14 T. Hobbes, 1651, Leviathan, chapter13, https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hobbes/thomas/h68l/chapter13.html.
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15 A. Deaton, 2013, The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
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16 W. Blake, 1810, “Jerusalem,” https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/54684/jerusalem-and-did-those-feet-in-ancient-time.
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17 关于工业革命期间生活水平的更多信息，参见第五章。
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18 造成生活水平危机的更多原因，参见第五章。
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19 J. Brown, 1832, A Memoir of Robert Blincoe: An Orphan Boy; Sent From the Workhouse of St. Pancras, London at Seven Years of Age, to Endure the Horrors of a Cotton-Mill (London: J. Doherty).
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20 D. S. Landes, 1969, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 7.
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21 前工业时代的反抗案例，参见第一章。关于英国政府开始支持创新者的原因的讨论，参见第三章。
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22 引自E. Brynjolfsson, 2012, Race Against the Machine (MIT lecture), slide 2, http://ilp.mit.edu/images/conferences/2012/IT/Brynjolfsson.pdf。
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23 Bruce Stokes, 2017, “Public Divided on Prospects for Next Generation,” Pew Research Center Spring 2017 Global Attitudes Survey, June 5, http://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/05/2-public-divided-on-prospects-for-the-next-generation/.
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24 R. Chetty et al., 2017, “The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940,” Science 356 (6336): 398-406.
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25 更多消失不见的中等收入工作岗位，参见第九章。
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26 更多工作岗位消失的社区，参见第十章。
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27 C. B. Frey, T. Berger, and C. Chen, 2018, “Political Machinery: Did Robots Swing the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election?,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 34 (3): 418-42。关于自动化如何提高了欧洲民族主义政党和激进右翼政党的受支持程度的内容，参见M. Anelli, I. Colantone, and P. Stanig, 2018, “We Were the Robots: Automation in Manufacturing and Voting Behavior in Western Europe” (working paper, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy)。
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28 E. Hoffer, 1965, “Automation Is Here to Liberate Us,” New York Times, October 24.
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29 “Danzig Bars New Machinery Except on Official Permit,” 1933, New York Times, March 14.
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30 引自“Nazis to Curb Machines as Substitutes for Men,” 1933, New York Times, August 6。
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31 P. R. Krugman, 1995, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations (New York: Norton), 56.
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32 关于使能技术和取代技术的变革，参见H. Jerome, 1934, “Mechanization in Industry” (Working Paper 27, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA), 27-31。
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33 出处同上，65。
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34 D. Acemoglu and P. Restrepo, 2018a, “Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work” (Working Paper 24196, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
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