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6 引自D. Stetson, 1970, “Walter Reuther: Union Pioneer with Broad Influence Far beyond the Field of Labor,” New York Times, May 11。
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7 H. J. Rothberg, 1960, “Adjustment to Automation in Two Firms,” in Impact of Automation: A Collection of 20 Articles about Technological Change, from the Monthly Labor Review (Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics), 86.
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8 G. B. Baldwin and G. P. Schultz, 1960, “The Effects of Automation on Industrial Relations,” in Impact of Automation: A Collection of 20 Articles about Technological Change, from the Monthly Labor Review (Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics), 47-49; J. W. Childs and R. H. Bergman, 1960, “Wage-Rate Determination in an Automated Rubber Plant,” in ibid, 56-58; H. J. Rothberg, 1960, “Adjustment to Automation in Two Firms,” in ibid, 88-93.
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9 U.S. Congress, 1984, “Computerized Manufacturing Automation: Employment, Education, and the Workplace,” No. 235 (Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment).
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10 关于改善工作环境，参见R. J. Gordon, 2016, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), chapter 8。
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11 R. Hornbeck, 2012, “The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl: Short- and Long- Run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe,” American Economic Review 102 (4): 1477-507.
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12 出处同上。
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13 Gordon, 2016, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, 270.
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14 “Shocking Death in Machinery,” 1895, New York Times, May 23.
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15 “The Calamity,” 1911, New York Times, March 26.
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16 D. E. Nye, 1990, Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880–1940 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 210.
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17 U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1960, D785, “Work-injury Frequency Rates in Manufacturing, 1926–1956,” and D.786–790, “Work-injury Frequency Rates in Mining, 1924–1956,” Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office), https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1960/compendia/hist_stats_colonial-1957.html.
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18 引自A. H. Raskin, 1955, “Pattern for Tomorrow’s Industry?,” New York Times, December 18。
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19 On automation and health, see O. R. Walmer, 1956, “Workers’ Health in an Era of Automation,” Monthly Labor Review 79 (7): 819–23.
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20 出处同上，821。
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21 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1963, 1962 Agricultural Statistics (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office).
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22 关于机动车以及节省的时间，参见A. L. Olmstead and P. W. Rhode, 2001, “Reshaping the Landscape: The Impact and Diffusion of the Tractor in American Agriculture, 1910–1960,” Journal of Economic History 61 (3): 663–98. See also M. R. Cooper, G. T. Barton, and A. P. Brodell, 1947, “Progress of Farm Mechanization,” USDA Miscellaneous Publication 630 (October)。
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23 Nye, 1990, Electrifying America, 15.
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24 Jerome, 1934, “Mechanization in Industry,” 131.
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25 出处同上，134。
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26 在1940—1980年间，美国经济新增了2450万个白领工作岗位，白领就业率增长了10.8个百分点，其中文书工作几乎占了全部增长。此外新增了1990万个专业和管理岗位，截至1980年，它们占总就业人数的27.8%。
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27 Jerome, 1934, “Mechanization in Industry,” 173.
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28 Gordon, 2016, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, table 8–1.
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29 出处同上，257。
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30 引自D. L. Lewis, 1986, “The Automobile in America: The Industry,” Wilson Quarterly 10 (5): 53。
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