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43 R. H. Day, 1967, “The Economics of Technological Change and the Demise of the Sharecropper,” American Economic Review 57 (3): 427–49.
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44 引自W. D. Rasmussen, 1982, “The Mechanization of Agriculture,” Scientific American 247 (3): 87。
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45 关于城市工资的上涨和农村人口的外流，参见W. Peterson and Y. Kislev, 1986, “The Cotton Harvester in Retrospect: Labor Displacement or Replacement?,”Journal of Economic History 46 (1): 199–216。
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46 R. Hornbeck and S. Naidu, 2014, “When the Levee Breaks: Black Migration and Economic Development in the American South,” American Economic Review 104 (3): 963–90.
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47 Rasmussen, 1982, “The Mechanization of Agriculture,” 83.
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48 出处同上，84。
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49 关于密西西比河洪灾，参见Hornbeck and Naidu, 2014, “When the Levee Breaks”。
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50 关于大迁徙，参见 W. J. Collins and M. H. Wanamaker, 2015, “The Great Migration in Black and White: New Evidence on the Selection and Sorting of Southern Migrants,” Journal of Economic History 75 (4): 947–92。
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51 “Motors on the Farms Replace Hired Labor,” 1919, New York Times, October 26.
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52 N. Kaldor, 1957, “A Model of Economic Growth,” Economic Journal 67 (268): 591–624.
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53 P. H. Lindert and J. G. Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains: American Growth and Inequality Since 1700 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 194.
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54 R. M. Solow, 1956, “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 (1): 65–94; S. Kuznets, 1955, “Economic Growth and Income Inequality,” American Economic Review 45 (1): 1–28; Kaldor, 1957, “A Model of Economic Growth.”
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55 Kuznets, 1955, “Economic Growth and Income Inequality.”
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56 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains.
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57 A. de Tocqueville, 1840, Democracy in America, trans. H. Reeve (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), 2
:646.
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58 引自Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, 117。
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59 M. Twain and C. D. Warner, [1873] 2001, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (New York: Penguin).
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60 H. J. Raymond, 1859, “Your Money or Your Line,” New York Times, February 9.
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61 M. Klein, 2007, The Genesis of Industrial America, 1870–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 133–34.
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62 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, tables 5–8 and 5–9.
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63 L. F. Katz and R. A. Margo, 2013, “Technical Change and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labor: The United States in Historical Perspective” (Working Paper 18752, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
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64 Lindert and Williamson, 2016, Unequal Gains, table 7–2.
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65 I. Fisher, 1919, “Economists in Public Service: Annual Address of the President,” American Economic Review 9 (1): 10 and 16.
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66 T. Piketty, 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
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67 W. Scheidel, 2018, The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
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