打字猴:1.70462301e+09
1704623010
1704623011 ［1］参见Tom Wolfe, The Bonfire of the Vanities (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1987), 229, 转引自Daniel Fischel, Payback: The Conspiracy to Destroy Michael Milken and His Revolution (New York: Harper Business, 1995)。
1704623012
1704623013 ［2］Louis D. Brandeis, Other People’s Money (Washington, DC: National Home Library Foundation, 1933), 1.
1704623014
1704623015 ［3］J. Stiglitz and A. Weiss, “Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information,” American Economic Review 71 (1981): 393-410.
1704623016
1704623017 ［4］有关抵押的研究，参见Yuk Shee Chan and Ajan V. Thakor, “Collateral and Competitive Equilibria with Moral Hazard and Private Information,” Journal of Finance 42 (1987): 345-364;D. Besanko and A. Thakor, “Collateral and Rationing: Sorting Equilibria in Monopolistic and Competitive Credit Markets,” International Economic Review 28 (1987):671-689。
1704623018
1704623019 ［5］其实，达成这笔交易需要夏洛克对那名商人怀有仇恨，否则他就不会真正去索取那一磅肉，那么追偿抵押品的威胁就不可信了。
1704623020
1704623021 ［6］T. Jappelli, M. Pagano, and M.Bianco, “Courts and Banks: Effects of Judicial Enforcement of Credit Markets,” CEPR working paper no. 3347, April 2002. Similar studies include M. Chiuri and T. Jappelli, “Credit Market Imperfections and Home Ownership: A Comparative Study,” CEPR discussion paper no. 2717, 2001; D. Fabbri and Mario Padula, “Judicial Costs and Household Debt,”working paper, Center for Studies in Economics and Finance, University of Salerno, Italy, 2001; Lee Alston, “Farm Foreclosure Moratorium Legislation: A Lesson from the Past,” American Economic Review 74, no. 3 (1984): 445-458; and R. Gropp, J. Scholz, and M. White, “Personal Bankruptcy and Credit Supply and Demand,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1997): 217-251.
1704623022
1704623023 ［7］Gropp, Scholz, and White, “Personal Bankruptcy and Credit Supply and Demand,” 217-251.
1704623024
1704623025 ［8］Hernando de Soto, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else (New York: Basic Books, 2000).
1704623026
1704623027 ［9］M. Petersen and R. Rajan, “The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data,” Journal of Finance 49 (1994): 3-37.
1704623028
1704623029 ［10］Luigi Guiso and Luigi Zingales, “ The Rise of Bank Relationships,” University of Chicago, WP, 1999.
1704623030
1704623031 ［11］Naomi Lamoreaux, Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections and Economic Development in Industrial New England (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
1704623032
1704623033 ［12］R. G. Rajan, “Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm’s Length Debt,” Journal of Finance 47 (1992): 1367-1400.
1704623034
1704623035 ［13］参见Pujo Committee report, 转引自Brandeis, Other People’s Money, 31。
1704623036
1704623037 ［14］E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, 1848-1885 (New York: New American Library, 1979), 242.
1704623038
1704623039 ［15］Harris Corporation, Business History Review, “Founding Dates of the 1994 Fortune 500 U.S. Companies,” spring 1996, 69-90.
1704623040
1704623041 ［16］J. Fear, “German Capitalism,” in Creating Modern Capitalism: How Entrepreneurs, Companies, and Countries Triumphed in Three Industrial Revolutions, ed. T. McCraw (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), 181.
1704623042
1704623043 ［17］R. W. Fogel, The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 112, and the references there.
1704623044
1704623045 ［18］T. McCraw, “American Capitalism,” in Creating Modern Capitalism, 320.
1704623046
1704623047 ［19］A. Chandler, Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1990), 18.
1704623048
1704623049 ［20］R. Chernow, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller (New York: Random House, 1998), 226.
1704623050
1704623051 ［21］Chandler, Scale and Scope, 25.
1704623052
1704623053 ［22］Chernow, Titan, 288.
1704623054
1704623055 ［23］Chandler, Scale and Scope, 25.
1704623056
1704623057 ［24］Chernow, Titan, 265.
1704623058
1704623059 ［25］David Blau, “A Time Series Analysis of Self-Employment in the United States,” Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 3 (1987): 445-468.
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