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[9]M. Lang, K. Lins, and D. Miller, “ADRs, Analysts, and Accuracy: Does Cross Listing in the U.S. Improve a Firm’s Information Environment and Increase Market Value?” University of Utah, working paper, 2002.
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[10]R. Morck, B. Yeung, and W. Yu, “The Information Content of Stock Markets: Why Do Emerging Markets Have Synchronous Stock Price Movements?” Journal of Financial Economics 58 (2000): 215-260.
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[11]Jeffrey Wurgler, “Financial Markets and the Allocation of Capital,” Journal of Financial Economics 58 (2000): 187-214.
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[12]参见“Market Says No to UniCredito-Commerz. Alliance,”选自II Corriere della Sera(意大利文), Corriere della Sera, September 4, 2001. “UniCredito Concerned over Share Price Fall,” Financial Times (London), September 10, 2001, 24。
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[13]“Borsa: UniCredito (+5.9%) strappa dopo rottura trattative Commerzbank,” AFX News Limited, September 11, 2001.
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[14]Mark L. Mitchell and Kenneth Lehn, “Do Bad Bidders Become Good Targets?” Journal of Political Economy 98 (1990): 372-398.
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[15]这被称为格罗斯曼—斯蒂格利茨悖论(Grossman-Stiglitz paradox),参见Sanford Grossman and Joseph Stiglitz, “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets,” American Economic Review 80, no. 3 (1980): 393.
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[16]B. Black, “Does Corporate Governance Matter? A Crude Test Using Russian Data,” Stanford Law School, working paper, 2000.
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[17]同上。
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[18]Alexander Dyck and Luigi Zingales, “Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison,” NBER working paper no. 8211, 2002.
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[19]参见R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer, “Corporate Ownership around the World,” Journal of Finance 54, no. 2 (1999): 471-517。通过跨国比较研究,他们首先证明了制度基础的不发达会导致所有权的集中。
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[20]对该领域的早期研究,参见Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopz de Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, “Law and Finance,” Journal of Political Economy 106 (1998): 1113。有关私有收益和法律保护之间的相关性研究,参见Dyck and Zingales, “Private Benefits of Control.”
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[21]Dyck and Zingales, “Private Benefits of Control.”
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[22]Leora Klapper and Inessa Love, “Corporate Governance, Investor Protection, and Performance in Emerging Markets,” World Bank, working paper, 2002.
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[23]Michael C. Jensen, “Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeovers,” American Economic Review 76 (1986): 323-339.
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[24]G. Zachary, “His Way,” Wall Street Journal, June 2, 1994.
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[25]以下材料主要来源于G. Baker, “Beatrice: A Study in the Creation and Destruction of Value,” Journal of Finance 47, no. 3 (1992): 1081-1120。
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[26]同上,第1096页。
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[27]O. J. Blanchard, F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer, “What Do Firms Do with Cash Windfalls?” Journal of Financial Economics 36 (1994): 337-360.
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[28]同上,第358页。
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[29]同上。
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[30]Darin Clay, “ The Role of Institutional Investors” (University of Chicago, Ph.D. diss., 2001).
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[31]同上。
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[32]我们对该问题的研究与MIT的Stewart Myers合作完成。
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[33]Steven Kaplan and Per Stromberg, “ How Do Venture Capitalists Choose and Monitor Investments?” University of Chicago, WP, 2000.
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