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［22］关于乡绅们有更大的积极性利用新知识，参见H. J. Habakkuk, “The Market for Monastic Property, 1539-1603,” Economic History Review 10, no. 3 (1987): 362-380, and Clay, Economic Expansion and Social Change。本段引自R. H. Tawney, “The Rise of the Gentry, 1558-1640,” Economic History Review 11 (1949): 16。
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［23］G. G. Coulton, The Mediaeval Village (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1925), 13.
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［24］同上，第39页。
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［25］Stone, Crisis of the Aristocracy, 121.
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［26］Finer, The History of Government,1338.
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［27］很多历史学家都引用Arthur Young的调查。参见Robert Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman: The Agricultural Development of the South Midlands, 1450-1850 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)，其中有Arthur Young的研究目录。
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［28］令人信服的分析参见 Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman。
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［29］关于生产率提高的过程，参见Gregory Clark, “Yields per Acre in English Agriculture, 1250-1860: Evidence from Labor Inputs,” Economic History Review 44 (1991): 445-460，有关争论参见Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman。
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［30］Tawney, “The Rise of the Gentry,” 75.
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［31］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 55.
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［32］同上。
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［33］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 36-37.
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［34］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 35, 38.
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［35］同上，第151页。
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［36］Hallam, Constitutional History of England.
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［37］Pipes, Property and Freedom, 33.
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［38］我们并不清楚，哪一部分乡绅反对君主。但是很明显，对查理一世的反对主要集中在低层的乡绅中，也涉及部分贵族和上层乡绅。
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［39］G. Negley and J. Patrick, The Quest for Utopia: An Anthology of Imaginary Societies (New York: Henry Schuman, 1952), 383.
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［40］Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman, 305-306.
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［41］Fredrick Dietz, An Economic History of England (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1942), 263.
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［42］同上，第267页。
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［43］Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman.
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［44］Finer, The History of Government,1325.
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［45］Robert Brenner, “Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development,” in The Brenner Debate, ed. T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philipin (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
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［46］Patrick Karl O’Brien, “Path Dependency, or Why Britain Became an Industrialized and Urbanized Economy Long before France,” Economic History Review 49 (1996): 240.
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