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［32］同上。
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［33］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 36-37.
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［34］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 35, 38.
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［35］同上，第151页。
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［36］Hallam, Constitutional History of England.
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［37］Pipes, Property and Freedom, 33.
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［38］我们并不清楚，哪一部分乡绅反对君主。但是很明显，对查理一世的反对主要集中在低层的乡绅中，也涉及部分贵族和上层乡绅。
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［39］G. Negley and J. Patrick, The Quest for Utopia: An Anthology of Imaginary Societies (New York: Henry Schuman, 1952), 383.
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［40］Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman, 305-306.
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［41］Fredrick Dietz, An Economic History of England (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1942), 263.
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［42］同上，第267页。
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［43］Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman.
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［44］Finer, The History of Government,1325.
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［45］Robert Brenner, “Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development,” in The Brenner Debate, ed. T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philipin (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
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［46］Patrick Karl O’Brien, “Path Dependency, or Why Britain Became an Industrialized and Urbanized Economy Long before France,” Economic History Review 49 (1996): 240.
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［47］Peter McPhee, “The French Revolution, Peasants, and Capitalism,” American Historical Review 94 (1989): 1265-1280.
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［48］这一观点的早期阐述，参见R. Rajan and L. Zingales, “Which Capitalism? Lessons from the East Asian Crisis,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 11 (1998): 40-48。
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［49］作者进行了有关的回归分析。
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［50］在一个财产权利不能有效执行的环境里，一个有能力的领主最好是把财富“埋藏”在地下，偶尔拿出来犒赏农民，而不要换成现金给他们拿走。
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［51］Kenneth Sokoloff and Stanley L. Engerman, “Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World,” Journal of Economic Perspective 3 (2000): 217-232.
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［52］John P. Powelson, The Story of Land: A World History of Land Tenure and Agrarian Reform (Cambridge, Mass.: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 1998), 89.
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［53］Abhijit Benerjee and Lakshmi Iyer, “History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India,” MIT, working paper, 2002.
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［54］有关解决方式的发展理论，参见D. Acemoglu, S. Johnson, and J. Robinson, “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Study,” American Economic Review 91 (2001): 1369-1401。
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［55］参见Maxim Boycko, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny, Privatizing Russia (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995)。事后的分析总是更正确。但是公平地说，由于没有一个成熟的企业家阶层，俄罗斯的改革者在当时缺乏帮助，也没有过去的经验可以参考。相反，制度经济学最近的很多进展倒是要感谢俄罗斯的改革实践。
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［56］Richard Ehrenberg, Capital and Finance in the Age of the Renaissance: A Study of the Fuggers and Their Connections (New York: Harcourt, 1928).
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