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［7］同上，第270页。
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［8］Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century (New York: Ballantine Books, 1979), 42-44, and Weatherford, History of Money, 69.
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［9］Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood, 298.
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［10］Richard Pipes, Property and Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1999), 17-18.
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［11］North and Weingast, “Constitutions and Commitment.”
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［12］Henry Hallam, Constitutional History of England (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1876), 26.
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［13］Bruce Carruthers, City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the English Financial Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 122.
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［14］North and Weingast, “Constitutions and Commitment,” 822-824.
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［15］North and Weingast, “Constitutions and Commitment.”
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［16］Carruthers, City of Capital, 122.
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［17］S. E. Finer, The History of Government, vol. 3 (London: Oxford Press, 1997), 1271.
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［18］H. Pirenne, Economic and Social History of Mediaeval Europe (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1937), 63.
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［19］Lawrence Stone, Crisis of the Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956), 97.
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［20］C. G. A. Clay, Economic Expansion and Social Change: England, 1500-1700 (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 70.
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［21］同上，第83页。
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［22］关于乡绅们有更大的积极性利用新知识，参见H. J. Habakkuk, “The Market for Monastic Property, 1539-1603,” Economic History Review 10, no. 3 (1987): 362-380, and Clay, Economic Expansion and Social Change。本段引自R. H. Tawney, “The Rise of the Gentry, 1558-1640,” Economic History Review 11 (1949): 16。
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［23］G. G. Coulton, The Mediaeval Village (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1925), 13.
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［24］同上，第39页。
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［25］Stone, Crisis of the Aristocracy, 121.
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［26］Finer, The History of Government,1338.
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［27］很多历史学家都引用Arthur Young的调查。参见Robert Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman: The Agricultural Development of the South Midlands, 1450-1850 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)，其中有Arthur Young的研究目录。
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［28］令人信服的分析参见 Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman。
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［29］关于生产率提高的过程，参见Gregory Clark, “Yields per Acre in English Agriculture, 1250-1860: Evidence from Labor Inputs,” Economic History Review 44 (1991): 445-460，有关争论参见Allen, Enclosure and the Yeoman。
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［30］Tawney, “The Rise of the Gentry,” 75.
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［31］Hallam, Constitutional History of England, 55.
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