打字猴:1.704628591e+09
1704628591
1704628592 ［16］严格说来，基尼系数会下降318，即净收入基尼系数的变化是边际税率变化的58倍。
1704628593
1704628594 ［17］Thomas Piketty，Capital in the Twenty-First Century，trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge，MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press，2014)，quotep. 275.
1704628595
1704628596 ［18］这些数据来源于世界顶级收入数据库。英国的数据指0.1%最高收入的比重。这些国别比较涉及的时间段均是1914-1945年，但有些国家例外，如法国的起始时间为1917年，日本的结束时间为1947年，瑞典的起始时间为1912年，挪威参加比较的时间段为1913-1948年，荷兰的结束时间为1946年，丹麦的起始时间为1908年。
1704628597
1704628598 ［19］Josiah Stamp，The Financial Aftermath of War (London: Ernest Benn，1932),quote p. 34.
1704628599
1704628600 ［20］Piketty，Les hauts revenus en France，quote pp. 272-279.
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1704628602 ［21］Stephen P. Jenkins，Andrea Brandolini，John Micklewright，and Brian Nolan,eds.，The Great Recession and the Distribution of Household Income (Oxford:Oxford University Press，2013)，16-20. 另外，还请参见Anthony B. Atkinson and Salvatore Morelli，“Inequality and Banking Crises: A First Look,” paper prepared for Global Labour Forum 2010，http://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/Users/Atkinson/Paper-Inequality%20and%20Banking%20Crises-A%20First%20Look.pdf; Anthony B. Atkinson and Salvatore Morelli，“Economic Crises and Inequality,” Human Development Research Paper 2011/06 (New York:United Nations Development Programme，2011)，http://dl4a.org/uploads/pdf/HDRP_2011_06.pdf.
1704628603
1704628604 ［22］Richard M. Titmuss,Problems of Social Policy (London: HMSO and Longmans，Green and Co.，1950)，quote p. 506.
1704628605
1704628606 ［23］Claudia Goldin and Robert Margo，“The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107(1992): 1-34，quote pp. 23 and 27.
1704628607
1704628608 ［24］Paul Krugman，The Conscience of a Liberal (New York: W. W. Norton，2007),see pp. 47-52.
1704628609
1704628610 ［25］Richard B. Freeman，“The Evolution of the American Labor Market，1948-80,”in Martin Feldstein，ed.，The American Economy in Transition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press，1980)，quote p. 357 and Figure 5.1.
1704628611
1704628612 ［26］Nan L. Maxwell，“Changing Female Labor Force Participation: Influences on Income Inequality and Distribution,” Social Forces 68 (1990): 1251-1266，quotep. 1251.
1704628613
1704628614 ［27］Lynn Karoly and Gary Burtless，“Demographic Change，Rising Earnings Inequality，and the Distribution of Personal Well-Being，1959-1989,” Demography32 (1995): 379-405，quote p. 392.
1704628615
1704628616 ［28］Jeff Larrimore，“Accounting for United States Household Income InequalityTrends: The Changing Importance of Household Structure and Male and Female Earnings Inequality,” Review of Income and Wealth 60 (2014): 683-704.
1704628617
1704628618 ［29］Wojciech Kopczuk and Emmanuel Saez，“Top Wealth Shares in the US，1916-2000: Evidence from the Estate Tax Returns,” National Tax Journal 57 (2004):445-487，longer version in NBER Working Paper 10399.
1704628619
1704628620 ［30］George F. Break，“The Role of Government: Taxes，Transfers，and Spending,” inMartin Feldstein，ed.，The American Economy in Transition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press，1980)，Table 9.17.这些数据指“非衰退国民生产总值（GNP）”的百分比。
1704628621
1704628622 ［31］Karoly and Burtless，“Demographic Change,” quote p. 392.
1704628623
1704628624 ［32］Richard Goode，The Individual Income Tax (Washington，D.C.: Brookings Institution，1964)，quote p. 283。这条引用来源于JosephSchumpeter，Capitalism，Socialism and Democracy (New York: Harper andRow，1962)，3rd ed.，quote p. 381; and Irving B. Kravis，The Structure of Income(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press，1962)，quote p. 220。
1704628625
1704628626 ［33］例如，参见此文中的图2.1：Anthony B. Atkinson and Joseph E. Stiglitz，Lectures on Public Economics (New York: McGraw-Hill，1980，reprinted by Princeton University Press，2015)。
1704628627
1704628628 ［34］关于贫困人口比重的数据来源于Anthony B. Atkinson and SalvatoreMorelli，Chartbook of Economic Inequality，http://www.chartbookofeconomicinequality.com/。
1704628629
1704628630 ［35］Thomas Piketty，“Income，Wage，and Wealth Inequality in France，1901-98,” inAnthony B. Atkinson and Thomas Piketty，eds.,Top Incomes，quote p. 50.
1704628631
1704628632 ［36］这些数据来源于Anthony B. Atkinson，“Increased Income Inequality inOECD Countries and the Redistributive Impact of the Government Budget,”in Giovanni A. Cornia，ed.,Inequality，Growth，and Poverty in an Era of Liberalization and Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press，2004)，221-248；另外，还请参见Anthony B. Atkinson，“What Is Happening to the Distribution of Income in the UK?” Proceedings of the British Academy 82 (1992): 317-351; Anthony B. Atkinson and John Micklewright，“Turning the Screw: Benefits for the Unemployed 1979-88,” in Andrew Dilnot and Ian Walker，eds.，The Economics of Social Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press，1989)，17-51。
1704628633
1704628634 ［37］Richard Hauser，“Personal Primr-und Sekundrverteilung der Einkommenunter dem Einfluss sich ndernen wirtschaftlicher und sozialpolitisch Rahmenbedingungen,” Allgemeines Statistisches Achiv 83 (1999): 88-110 (my translation).
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1704628636 ［38］Hannu Uusitalo，“Changes in Income Distribution During a Deep Recessionand After” (Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare，STAKES,1999).
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1704628638 ［39］Secretary-General，“Editorial,” in OECD，Divided We Stand (Paris: OECD,2011)，quote p. 18.
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1704628640 ［40］Michael F. Frster and István G. Tóth，“Cross-Country Evidence of the Multiple Causes of Inequality Changes in the OECD Area,” in Anthony B. Atkinsonand Franois Bourguignon，Handbook of Income Distribution，vol. 2B (Amsterdam: Elsevier，2015)，quote p. 1803.
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