打字猴:1.704628606e+09
1704628606 ［23］Claudia Goldin and Robert Margo，“The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107(1992): 1-34，quote pp. 23 and 27.
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1704628608 ［24］Paul Krugman，The Conscience of a Liberal (New York: W. W. Norton，2007),see pp. 47-52.
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1704628610 ［25］Richard B. Freeman，“The Evolution of the American Labor Market，1948-80,”in Martin Feldstein，ed.，The American Economy in Transition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press，1980)，quote p. 357 and Figure 5.1.
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1704628612 ［26］Nan L. Maxwell，“Changing Female Labor Force Participation: Influences on Income Inequality and Distribution,” Social Forces 68 (1990): 1251-1266，quotep. 1251.
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1704628614 ［27］Lynn Karoly and Gary Burtless，“Demographic Change，Rising Earnings Inequality，and the Distribution of Personal Well-Being，1959-1989,” Demography32 (1995): 379-405，quote p. 392.
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1704628616 ［28］Jeff Larrimore，“Accounting for United States Household Income InequalityTrends: The Changing Importance of Household Structure and Male and Female Earnings Inequality,” Review of Income and Wealth 60 (2014): 683-704.
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1704628618 ［29］Wojciech Kopczuk and Emmanuel Saez，“Top Wealth Shares in the US，1916-2000: Evidence from the Estate Tax Returns,” National Tax Journal 57 (2004):445-487，longer version in NBER Working Paper 10399.
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1704628620 ［30］George F. Break，“The Role of Government: Taxes，Transfers，and Spending,” inMartin Feldstein，ed.，The American Economy in Transition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press，1980)，Table 9.17.这些数据指“非衰退国民生产总值（GNP）”的百分比。
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1704628622 ［31］Karoly and Burtless，“Demographic Change,” quote p. 392.
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1704628624 ［32］Richard Goode，The Individual Income Tax (Washington，D.C.: Brookings Institution，1964)，quote p. 283。这条引用来源于JosephSchumpeter，Capitalism，Socialism and Democracy (New York: Harper andRow，1962)，3rd ed.，quote p. 381; and Irving B. Kravis，The Structure of Income(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press，1962)，quote p. 220。
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1704628626 ［33］例如，参见此文中的图2.1：Anthony B. Atkinson and Joseph E. Stiglitz，Lectures on Public Economics (New York: McGraw-Hill，1980，reprinted by Princeton University Press，2015)。
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1704628628 ［34］关于贫困人口比重的数据来源于Anthony B. Atkinson and SalvatoreMorelli，Chartbook of Economic Inequality，http://www.chartbookofeconomicinequality.com/。
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1704628630 ［35］Thomas Piketty，“Income，Wage，and Wealth Inequality in France，1901-98,” inAnthony B. Atkinson and Thomas Piketty，eds.,Top Incomes，quote p. 50.
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1704628632 ［36］这些数据来源于Anthony B. Atkinson，“Increased Income Inequality inOECD Countries and the Redistributive Impact of the Government Budget,”in Giovanni A. Cornia，ed.,Inequality，Growth，and Poverty in an Era of Liberalization and Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press，2004)，221-248；另外，还请参见Anthony B. Atkinson，“What Is Happening to the Distribution of Income in the UK?” Proceedings of the British Academy 82 (1992): 317-351; Anthony B. Atkinson and John Micklewright，“Turning the Screw: Benefits for the Unemployed 1979-88,” in Andrew Dilnot and Ian Walker，eds.，The Economics of Social Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press，1989)，17-51。
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1704628634 ［37］Richard Hauser，“Personal Primr-und Sekundrverteilung der Einkommenunter dem Einfluss sich ndernen wirtschaftlicher und sozialpolitisch Rahmenbedingungen,” Allgemeines Statistisches Achiv 83 (1999): 88-110 (my translation).
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1704628636 ［38］Hannu Uusitalo，“Changes in Income Distribution During a Deep Recessionand After” (Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare，STAKES,1999).
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1704628638 ［39］Secretary-General，“Editorial,” in OECD，Divided We Stand (Paris: OECD,2011)，quote p. 18.
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1704628640 ［40］Michael F. Frster and István G. Tóth，“Cross-Country Evidence of the Multiple Causes of Inequality Changes in the OECD Area,” in Anthony B. Atkinsonand Franois Bourguignon，Handbook of Income Distribution，vol. 2B (Amsterdam: Elsevier，2015)，quote p. 1803.
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1704628642 ［41］OECD，Divided We Stand，quote p. 292;关于覆盖率的数据来源于图7.5，其中包括了一系列失业保险和补助福利，如想了解更多细节，请参见Herwig Immervoll，Pascal Marianna，and Marco Mira D’Ercole,“Benefit Coverage Rates and Household Typologies: Scope and Limitations ofTax-Benefit Indicators,” OECD Social，Employment and Migration Working Paper 20，OECD，Paris，2004。
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1704628644 ［42］Nicholas Kaldor，“Alternative Theories of Distribution,” Review of Economic Studies 23 (1955-6): 83-100，and “A Model of Economic Growth,”Economic Journal 67 (1957): 591-624。需要指出的是薪酬比重的恒定性没有列入“新”卡尔多事实，请参见 Charles I. Jones andPaul M. Romer，“The New Kaldor Facts: Ideas，Institutions，Population，andHuman Capital,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (2010): 224-245。相反，他们提出了大学毕业/高中毕业工资溢价的恒定性。下一章将探讨这个问题。
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1704628646 ［43］Klaus Heidensohn，“Labour’s Share in National Income: A Constant?” Manchester School 37 (1969): 295-321，quote p. 304. 下面给出的数据来源于表1。
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1704628648 ［44］Piketty，Capital，quote p. 221.
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1704628650 ［45］Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman，“The Global Decline of the Labor Share,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (2014): 61-103.
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1704628652 ［46］David Ricardo，Preface to Principles of Political Economy (London: Dent，1911,first published 1817).
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1704628654 ［47］然而，它的发展趋势并不是一直朝着这个方向。1981年后，随着社会住房的出售，租房居住的比重开始下降。在过去20年里，越来越多人购房出租，由此提升了私人房东的比重，使其在2011年达到18%。
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