1704628656 ［48］那么，基尼系数等于工人在总人口中的比重与工人收入在总收入中的比重之差——请参见Anthony B.Atkinson and John Micklewright，Economic Transformation in Eastern Europe and the Distribution of Income (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press，1992),Ch. 2.

1704628657

1704628658 ［49］Daniele Checchi and Cecilia Garcia Pealosa，“Labour Market Institutions and the Personal Distribution of Income in the OECD,” Economica 77 (2010): 413-450，quote to Table 7.基尼系数下探至0.4时，置信区间为95%.

1704628659

1704628660 ［50］Jesper Roine and Daniel Waldenstrm，“Long Run Trends in the Distribution of Income and Wealth,” in Atkinson and Bourguignon，Handbook of Income Distribution，vol. 2A，Table 7.A2。卢森堡收入研究所已经扩大并合并了卢森堡财富研究所，但最早的数据可追溯到1994年。

1704628661

1704628662 ［51］其中考虑了1959年至1960年间缺失的数据——请参见Anthony B. Atkinson，James P. F. Gordon，and Alan Harrison，“Trends in the Shares of Top-Wealth-Holders in Britain，1923-81,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 51 (1989): 315-332.

1704628663

1704628664 ［52］在美国，不同来源的数据对20世纪年代以后这段时期的描述指向不同的方向。请参见：Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman，“Wealth Inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data,” Working Paper 20625，National Bureau of Economic Research; and Wojciech Kopczuk，“What Do We Know about Evolution of Top Wealth Sharesin the United States?”Journal of Economic Perspectives，forthcoming.

1704628665

1704628666 ［53］Christopher L. Erickson and Andrea Ichino，“Wage Differentials in Italy: Market Forces，Institutions and Inflation,” in Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence F.Katz，eds.，Differences and Changes in Wage Structures (Chicago: University of Chicago Press，1995): 265-306,quote p.265.Andrea Brandolini，“The Distribution of Personal Income in Post-War Italy: Source Description，Data Quality,and the Time Pattern of Income Inequality,”Giornale degli Economisti e Annalidi Economia 58 (1999): 183-239; Ignacio Visco，“The Indexation of Earnings inItaly: Sectoral Analysis and Estimates for 1978-79,” Rivista di Politica Economica 13 (1979): 151-183; Marco Manacorda，“Can the Scala Mobile Explain the Fall and Rise of Earnings Inequality in Italy? A Semiparametric Analysis，1977-1993,”Journal of Labor Economics 22 (2004): 585-613，Magnus Gustavsson,“Trends in the Transitory Variance of Earnings: Evidence from Sweden 1960-1990 and a Comparison with the United States,” Working Paper 2004:11，Department of Economics，Uppsala Universitet; Tor Eriksson and Markus Jntti,“The Distribution of Earnings in Finland 1971-1990,” European Economic Review 41 (1997): 1736-1779.

1704628667

1704628668 ［54］Checchi and Garcia Pealosa，“Labour Market Institutions,”引自表7,其中引用的数据基于所估算基尼系数的95%置信区间。

1704628669

1704628670 ［55］Piketty，Les hauts revenus en France，quote p. 165 (my translation).

1704628671

1704628672 ［56］Joop Hartog and Nick Vriend，“Post-War International Labour Mobility: TheNetherlands,” in Ian Gordon and Anthony P. Thirlwall，eds.，European FactorMobility (London: Macmillan，1989)。关于法国的情况请参见Piketty，Les hauts revenus en France，第3章。

1704628673

1704628674 ［57］“Incomes Policy,”维基百科，下载于2014年10月5日。

1704628675

1704628676 ［58］Jenkins et al.，The Great Recession，pp. 14-16.

1704628677

1704628678 ［59］International Labour Office，Year Book of Labour Statistics 1961 (Geneva: International Labour Office，1961)，quote p. 202.

1704628679

1704628680 ［60］OECD，Historical Statistics (Paris: OECD，1997),Table 2.15.

1704628681

1704628682 ［61］OECD,Divided We Stand，Chs. 3 and 4; Anthony B. Atkinson and Andrea Brandolini，“From Earnings Dispersion to Income Inequality,” in Francesco Farina and Ernesto Savaglio，eds.,Inequality and Economic Integration(London: Routledge，2006): 35-64.

1704628683

1704628684 ［62］关于工人分配情况（包括兼职工人和个体经营者）以及整个劳动年龄人口的计算请参见OECD报告Divided We Stand的图4.1和图4.6。

1704628685

1704628686 ［63］学者研究了20世纪80年代末到90年代初，北欧国家不断攀升的失业率对不平等的影响，得出的结论是：“衰退启动了许多复杂的机制。可能需要对收入构成之间的互动构建一个大型模型，才能理解收入分配在失业率快速飙升时发生的变化。”Rolf Aaberge,Anders Bjrklund，Markus Jntti，Peder J. Pedersen，Nina Smith，and Tom Wennemo，“Unemployment Shocks and Income Distribution: How Did theNordic Countries Fare during Their Crises?”Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 (2000): 77-99。

1704628687

1704628688 ［64］Anthony B. Atkinson，“Social Exclusion，Poverty and Unemployment,” in Anthony B. Atkinson and John Hills，eds.，Exclusion，Employment and Opportunity，CASEpaper 4 (London: LSE，STICERD，1998): 1-20.

1704628689

1704628690 ［65］Amartya Sen，“Inequality，Unemployment and Contemporary Europe,” International Labour Review 136 (1997): 155-171，quote p.169.

1704628691

1704628692 ［66］Source SEDLAC，CEDLAS (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) and The World ank，(http://sedlac.econo.unlp.edu.ar/eng/)，downloaded 5 October 2014.

1704628693

1704628694 ［67］Facundo Alvaredo and Leonardo Gasparini，“Recent Trends in Inequality and Poverty in Developing Countries,” in Atkinson and Bourguignon,Handbook ofIncome Distribution，vol. 2，quote p. 726.

1704628695

1704628696 ［68］Giovanni Andrea Cornia，ed.,Falling Inequality in Latin America (Oxford: Oxford University Press，2014)，quote p. 7.

1704628697

1704628698 ［69］Nora Lustig，Luis F. Lopez-Calva，and Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez，“Deconstructing the Decline in Inequality in Latin America,” in Robert Devlin，Jose Luis Machinea，and Oscar Echeverria，eds.，Latin American Development in an Age of Globalization: Essays in Honor of Enrique V. Iglesias，2013.

1704628699

1704628700 ［70］Alvaredo and Gasparini，“Recent Trends,” quote p. 732.

1704628701

1704628702 ［71］Armando Barrientos，“On the Distributional Implications of Social Protection Reforms in Latin America,” in Cornia，Falling Inequality，quote pp. 356 and 358.

1704628703

1704628704 ［72］Source：Atkinson and Morelli，Chartbook.

1704628705

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