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［56］John Kay and Mervyn King，The British Tax System (Oxford: Oxford University Press，1980)，quote p. 59.
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［57］对于男性是这样的，但对于女性却不一定。如果我们观察一下收入的前1%，就会看到女性的比例严重偏低。譬如在加拿大，2010年1%最高收入人群中只有21%是女性（Statistics Canada，“High-Income Trends among Canadian Taxfilers，1982 to 2010,” release 28 January 2013）。在英国，2011年该比例为17%（Anthony B. Atkinson，Alessandra Casarico，and Sarah Voitchovsky，“Top Incomes and the Glass Ceiling,” forthcoming）。男性和女性之间存在明显的“玻璃天花板”。
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第4章 技术变革与抗衡力量
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［1］“The Future of Jobs: The Onrushing Wave,” Briefing，Economist, 18 January 2014.
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［2］John M. Keynes，“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren,” originally published in The Nation and Athenaeum (11 and 18 October，1930)，reprinted in Essays in Persuasion (London: Macmillan，1933)，part V，ch. 2.
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［3］McKinsey roundtable discussion，“Automation，Jobs，and the Future of Work,” December 2014，edited transcript.
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［4］Remarks by Hunter Rawlings，quoted in American Academy of Arts and Sciences，Restoring the Foundation (Cambridge，MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences，2014)，quote p. 10.
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［5］Mariana Mazzucato，The Entrepreneurial State (London: Anthem Press，2014)，quote pp. 96 and 101.
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［6］Mazzucato，The Entrepreneurial State，quote p. 193.
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［7］Steven Johnson，How We Got to Now (New York: Riverhead Press，2014)，quote p. x.
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［8］Office of Science and Technology Policy，American Competitiveness: Leading the World in Innovation (Washington，D.C.: Domestic Policy Council，2006)，quote p. 4.
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［9］William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen，Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma (New York: Twentieth Century Fund，1966).
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［10］William J. Baumol，The Cost Disease: Why Computers Get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn’ t (New Haven: Yale University Press，2012).
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［11］在本书中，我并没有详细探讨对人力资本投资的需求，因为这个问题尤其在考虑幼儿教育时会非常复杂。参见，如James J. Heckman 2014年12月10日在白宫幼儿教育峰会上的演讲“Going Forward Wisely”，芝加哥大学Center for the Economics of Human Development。
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［12］Quaker Faith and Practice: The Book of Christian Discipline of the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (London: Quaker Books，1995)，quoted paragraph 23.57.
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［13］Milton Friedman，“The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970.
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［14］Kenneth J. Arrow，“Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Public Policy 21 (1973): 303-318，quote pp. 313 and 314.
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［15］Website of MBA Oath: http://mbaoath.org/.
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［16］Jonathan B. Baker，“The Case for Anti-Trust Enforcement,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (2003): 27-50，quote p. 27.
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［17］Robert Bork，The Anti-Trust Paradox (New York: Free Press，1978)，quote p. 66.
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［18］Senator Sherman，21 Congressional Record 2728 (1890). I owe these and other references to Shi-Ling Hsu，“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent: Considering Legal Causes of Inequality” (Florida State University College of Law，Public Law Research Paper 698; FSU College of Law，Law，Business and Economics Paper no. 14-11，2014).
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［19］Hsu，“The Rise and Rise of the One Percent,” quote p. 24.
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［20］市场结构与商品供给的排他性之间关系的说明性分析，参见Anthony B. Atkinson“Capabilities, Exclusion, and the Supply of Goods”，收录于Kaushik Basu, Prasanta Pattanaik, and Kotaro Suzumura编辑的Choice, Welfare and Development（Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995），第17-31页。
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［21］银行条款的分配意义分析，参见Babak Somekh，“Access to Banking and Income Inequality”收录于“Income Inequality and Consumer Markets”（D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 2012）。
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［22］Henry Simons的言论来自Tobin，“On Limiting the Domain of Inequality”，Journal of Law and Economics 13（1970）：第263—277页，引自第264页。
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